Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics for participants

Age, years (SD)

68.72 (6.04)

81.53 (5.71)

<0.001***

Gender Male, n (%)

8 (20.51)

3 (20.0)

0.966

Marriage: married or lived together, n (%)

27 (69.23)

7 (46.7)

0.124

With family psychiatry history, n (%)

16 (41.03)

0 (0.0)

0.003**

Current smoking, n (%)

4 (10.26)

0 (0.0)

0.273

Current alcohol use habit, n (%)

13 (33.0)

0

0.010*

With baseline physical comorbidity, n (%)

36 (92.3)

12 (80.0)

0.168

Onset of age, years (SD)

51.36 (14.00)

77.27 (4.85)

<0.001***

Education years, (SD)

10.64 (3.88)

10.53 (5.51)

0.936

DDD for psychoactive medications, (SD)

 First-generation antipsychotics

0.01 (0.03)

0

0.435

 Second-generation antipsychotics

0.13 (0.425)

0.21 (0.389)

0.518

 Mood stabilizers

0.04 (0.02)

0.02 (0.086)

0.247

 Antidepressants

1.08 (0.83)

0.53 (0.550)

0.022*

 Benzodiazepines

0.96 (0.806)

0.07 (0.179)

<0.001***

 Cognitive enhancements

0

0.71 (0.641)

<0.001***