Table 1 Demographic and disease characteristics of participants (n = 355)

Gender

0.033

0.856

male

200 (56.3)

74.86 ± 12.42

Female

155 (43.7)

74.61 ± 13.59

Age (years)

6.922

0.001

60~

272 (76.6)

75.94 ± 11.86

70~

78 (22.0)

70.19 ± 15.59

80~

5 (1.4)

81.60 ± 3.78

educational attainment

0.918

0.432

Primary and below

46 (13)

76.96 ± 12.04

junior high school

85 (23.9)

73.24 ± 13.29

High school

102 (28.7)

74.43 ± 13.96

College and above

122 (34.4)

75.25 ± 12.07

Number of chronic diseases

0.665

0.574

1

297 (83.7)

74.82 ± 12.44

2

38 (10.7)

74.13 ± 14.61

3

18 (5.1)

76.28 ± 14.68

≥ 4

2 (0.6)

63.00 ± 38.18

Years of chronic disease diagnosis

4.749

0.003

≤ 3

193 (54.4)

73.36 ± 13.55

3~

37 (10.4)

74.16 ± 14.37

6~

105 (29.6)

78.46 ± 9.20

10~

20 (5.6)

69.85 ± 16.78

Number of hospitalizations for chronic diseases in the last year

0.529

0.590

0

297 (83.7)

74.47 ± 13.21

1

31 (8.7)

75.50 ± 13.43

≥ 2

27 (7.6)

76.96 ± 8.79