The automatic activity of abdominal muscles during stable and unstable standing postural tasks in older adults with and without low back pain- A cross-sectional study

Table 3 Pair-wise comparison of the percentage of changes in the thickness of abdominal muscles between postural tasks in elderly subjects with and without low back pain

Muscle	Group	Task	Task	Mean difference (95% CI)	P- value	Effect size
TrA	Without LBP	1	2	-7.47 (-14.29; -0.66)	0.03*	0.21
TrA	With LBP	1	2	-2.17 (-7.72; 3.38)	0.42	0.06
IO	Without LBP	1	2	-0.3.93 (-12.03; 4.16)	0.32	0.08
IO	With LBP	1	2	0.88 (-4.25; 6.01)	0.72	0.02
EO	Without LBP	1	2	0.71 (-9.41; 10.83)	0.88	0.01
EO	With LBP	1	2	4.95 (-1.56; 11.47)	0.12	0.17

CI: confidence interval, EO: external oblique, IO: internal oblique, LBP: low back pain, TrA: transverse abdominis, Task 1: standing on a static level, Task 2: standing on level 8 (dynamic level

ISSN: 1471-2318