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Table 2 Mean and standard deviation of the retirement syndrome in each Group

From: The effect of participation in support groups on retirement syndrome in older adults

 

Intervention

(n = 40)

Control

(n = 40)

†p

Feeling helplessness and failure M(SD)

Before

2.92 (0.47)

2.69 (0.50)

†0.041

After

2.63 (0.35)

2.70 (0.43)

‡0.001

\( {{\eta }}^{2}\)=0.439

††p

< 0.001

0.656

 

Feeling older and idleness M(SD)

Before

3.00 (0.36)

2.96 (0.38)

†0.666

After

2.91 (0.25)

2.97 (0.34)

‡0.027

\( {{\eta }}^{2}\)=0.062

††p

0.04

0.628

 

Feeling of trying and new direction M(SD)

Before

2.72 (0.80)

2.82 (0.78)

†0.56

After

2.89 (0.64)

2.76 (0.69)

‡0.001

\( {{\eta }}^{2}\)=0.127

††p

0.004

0.223

 

Feeling of Conflict and confusion M(SD)

Before

2.51 (0.45)

2.25 (0.65)

†0.043

After

2.26 (0.36)

2.25 (0.54)

‡0.002

\( {{\eta }}^{2}\)=0.113

††p

< 0.001

0.907

 
  1. *Significance level: P < 0.05 † Independent sample t-test †† Paired T-test ‡ ANCOVA test with adjusting the baseline score
  2. \( {{\eta }}^{2}\)= partial eta-squared=Effect sizes: 0.01 = small; 0.06 = moderate; 0.14 = large