Table 1 Demographic characteristics (n = 222)

Variable

 Age, M (SD)

58 (5.92)

 Female, n (%)

91 (41.0)

 Married or living with a partner, n (%)

198 (89.2)

Education, n (%)

 Have never gone to school

1 (0.5)

 Grades 5th or less

3 (1.4)

 9th to 12th grade, no diploma

44 (19.8)

 High school graduate or GED completed

103 (46.4)

 Some college level/ Technical/ Vocational degree

58 (26.1)

 Bachelor’s degree

13 (5.9)

 Advanced degree – Master’s and doctoral degree

0 (0)

Race, n (%)

 Black

166 (74.8)

 White

37 (16.6)

 Other (Asian, Native American, and Latin/Hispanic American)

19 (8.6)

Income, n (%)

 Less than $15,000

145 (65.3)

 $15,000 - $19,999

22 (9.9)

 $20,000 - $24,999

16 (7.2)

 $25,000 - $34,999

23 (10.4)

 $35,000 - $49,999

11 (5.0)

 $50,000 - $74,999

2 (0.9)

 $75,000 - $99,999

3 (1.4)

Subjective health, M (SD)

2.90 (1.04)

Self-efficacy, M (SD)

3.05 (0.62)

Emotional/informational social support, M (SD)

3.60 (1.04)

Tangible social support, M (SD)

3.41 (1.28)

Affectionate social support, M (SD)

3.70 (1.20)

Positive social interaction social support, M (SD)

3.62 (1.20)

Hopefulness, M (SD)

2.21 (1.17)