Table 3 Baseline characteristics and a comparison of HCT scores according to clinical stages (normal cognition, MCI, mild AD dementia participants)

Age, yr

69.63 ± 5.63

70.82 ± 5.56

71.65 ± 8.46

0.561

Female (%)

26 (86.67%)

29/38 (76.32%)

10 (58.82%)

0.104

Education, yr

9.73 ± 3.41

7.74 ± 3.47

8.03 ± 4.29

0.059

Hypertension

16 (53.33%)

26/38 (68.42%)

6 (35.29%)

0.089

Diabetes mellitus

11 (36.67%)

16/38 (48.48%)

5 (29.41%)

0.441

Hyperlipidemia

17 (56.67%)

11/38 (37.93%)

5 (29.41%)

0.131

APOE4 allele (%)

2 (6.67%)

11/38 (33.33%)

9 (52.94%)

0.001*

Volume_amygdala_lt, ml³

1.72 ± 0.20

1.59 ± 0.27

1.72 ± 0.45

0.009*

Volume_amygdala_rt, ml³

1.82 ± 0.28

1.74 ± 0.34

1.85 ± 0.55

0.074

Volume_hippocampus_lt, ml³

3.59 ± 0.35

3.99 ± 0.46

3.42 ± 0.40

0.002*

Volume_hippocampus_rt, ml³

3.78 ± 0.43

4.21 ± 0.52

3.62 ± 0.45

0.004*

WMH_volume, ml³

4.69 ± 5.56

6.11 ± 8.42

16.89 ± 16.01

0.001*

Lacune, n

0.43 ± 1.04

0.97 ± 3.00

2.56 ± 4.90

0.074

Microbleed, n

0.47 ± 1.33

2.31 ± 8.52

4.50 ± 11.72

0.232

HCT total score

26.30 ± 1.49

21.72 ± 3.69

15.24 ± 4.68

< 0.001*

K-MMSE total score

28.50 ± 1.41

24.79 ± 2.76

19.53 ± 3.62

< 0.001*

K-MMSE score_percentile

58.78 ± 15.46

22.41 ± 25.43

2.21 ± 7.14

< 0.001*

CDR-Sum of boxes

0.00 ± 0.00

2.03 ± 0.69

5.52 ± 2.15

< 0.001*