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Table 4 Linear regression for two-year change in frailty

From: Incorporating frailty to address the key challenges to geriatric economic evaluation

Dependent variable: Change in frailty (range 0-100) between ELSA Waves 4 and 5 (N = 6,205)

Explanatory variables

Coefficient (SE)1

P-value

Constant

-5.460 (0.696)

< 0.001

Age in W4

0.134 (0.010)

< 0.001

SES (ref: Most privileged quartile)

  

 2nd quartile

0.089 (0.215)

0.680

 3rd quartile

0.011 (0.184)

0.951

 Most deprived quartile

0.701 (0.219)

0.001

Falls incidence between W4 and W5 (ref: No fall incidence)

  

 Single non-MA fall

0.684 (0.227)

0.003

 Recurrent non-MA falls

2.329 (0.261)

< 0.001

 Single MA fall

1.648 (0.350)

< 0.001

 Recurrent falls with MA

3.870 (0.412)

< 0.001

Frailty in W4 (0-100)

-0.198 (0.010)

< 0.001

High physical activity in W4

-0.730 (0.192)

< 0.001

Cognitive impairment in W4

0.620 (0.187)

0.001

Social care receipt in W4

2.643 (0.589)

< 0.001

Informal care receipt in W4

1.612 (0.202)

< 0.001

  1. 1 Coefficient greater than zero implies the explanatory variable increased the odds of the dependent variable relative to its reference level, and vice versa.
  2. Abbreviation: ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; MA fall: fall requiring medical attention; Ref: reference; SE: standard error; SES: socioeconomic status; W4: ELSA Wave 4; W5: ELSA Wave 5