Table 2 Logistic regression analysis for factors relevant to social participation among the frail older adults

Age

1.01

0.99–1.03

0.172

1.141

sex

 men

1.00

 women

1.25

0.84–1.41

0.055

1.070

household composition

 Living with others

1.00

 Living alone

1.09

0.84–1.41

0.529

1.025

economic states

 economic difficulty

1.00

 no economic difficulty

1.41

1.11–1.79

0.005

1.094

Mobility

 Decline

1.00

 not decline

1.41

1.03–1.92

0.031

1.206

subjective health

 Poor

1.00

 Good

1.49

1.19–1.88

0.001

1.155

direct contact with relatives living separately

 less than 1 a week

1.00

 more than 1 a week

0.82

0.61–1.11

0.199

1.426

indirect contact with relatives living separately

 less than 1 a week

1.00

 more than 1 a week

0.99

0.75–1.31

0.938

1.511

direct contact with friends and neighbors

 less than 1 a week

1.00

 more than 1 a week

3.15

2.43–4.09

< 0.001

1.416

indirect contact with friends and neighbors

 less than 1 a week

1.00

 more than 1 a week

1.41

1.07–1.86

0.014

1.459