Table 1 Demographic characteristics of 3072 older adults across 25(OH)D and hs-CRP levels
Characteristics | Overall | Vitamin D sufficiency + normal hs-CRP | Vitamin D deficiency alone | High hs-CRP alone | Vitamin D deficiency + high hs-CRP | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants, n | 3072 | 672 | 1756 | 142 | 502 | Â |
Mortality, n (%) | 1321 (43.00) | 185 (37.53) | 799 (45.50) | 65 (45.77) | 272 (54.18) | < 0.001 |
Socio-demographics | ||||||
Age, year | 86.07 ± 11.87 | 82.04 ± 12.11 | 86.92 ± 11.12 | 85.29 ± 11.75 | 88.74 ± 10.84 | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 1675 (54.52) | 237 (35.27) | 1105 (62.93) | 53 (37.32) | 280 (55.78) | < 0.001 |
Time of sampling, month | 6 (5,6) | 6 (5,7) | 6 (5,6) | 6 (5,8) | 6 (5,6) | < 0.001 |
Han ethnic, n (%) | 2846 (92.64) | 624 (92.86) | 1643 (93.56) | 128 (90.14) | 451 (89.84) | 0.033 |
Rural, n (%) | 2502 (81.45) | 580 (86.31) | 1399 (79.67) | 126 (88.73) | 397 (79.08) | < 0.001 |
Live alone, n (%) | 666 (21.68) | 153 (22.77) | 360 (20.50) | 47 (33.10) | 106 (21.12) | 0.008 |
< 1-year schooling, n (%) | 1984 (64.58) | 341 (50.74) | 1198 (68.22) | 94 (66.20) | 351 (69.92) | < 0.001 |
Have no spouse, n (%) | 1823 (59.34) | 308 (45.83) | 1106 (62.98) | 79 (55.63) | 330 (65.74) | < 0.001 |
Health status/behavior | ||||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.49 ± 4.05 | 21.65 ± 3.65 | 21.46 ± 4.22 | 20.75 ± 3.37 | 21.61 ± 4.16 | 0.098 |
Outdoor activity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.083 |
frequently | 1733 (56.41) | 390 (58.04) | 1000 (56.95) | 75 (52.82) | 268 (53.39) | Â |
occasionally | 197 (6.41) | 55 (8.18) | 106 (6.04) | 10 (7.04) | 26 (5.18) | Â |
rarely or never | 1142 (37.18) | 227 (33.78) | 650 (37.01) | 57 (40.14) | 208 (41.43) | Â |
Vitamin supplements, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.421 |
frequently | 169 (5.50) | 44 (6.55) | 83 (4.73) | 11 (7.75) | 31 (6.18) | Â |
occasionally | 325 (10.58) | 76 (11.31) | 186 (10.59) | 13 (9.15) | 50 (9.96) | Â |
rarely or never | 2578 (83.92) | 552 (82.14) | 1487 (84.68) | 118 (83.10) | 421 (83.86) | Â |
Current smoking, n (%) | 481 (15.66) | 156 (23.21) | 232 (13.21) | 28 (19.72) | 65 (12.95) | < 0.001 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 481 (15.66) | 167 (24.85) | 240 (13.67) | 14 (9.86) | 60 (11.95) | < 0.001 |
ADL impairment, n (%) | 655 (21.32) | 65 (9.67) | 420 (23.92) | 16 (11.27) | 154 (30.68) | < 0.001 |
Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 1224 (39.84) | 188 (27.98) | 743 (42.31) | 48 (33.80) | 245 (48.80) | < 0.001 |
Depression, n (%) | 470 (15.30) | 99 (14.73) | 284 (16.18) | 15 (10.56) | 72 (14.34) | 0.233 |
Medical care treatment, n (%) | 1411 (45.93) | 336 (50.00) | 814 (46.36) | 46 (32.39) | 215 (42.83) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1432 (47.48) | 281 (41.94) | 842 (48.06) | 73 (51.77) | 236 (47.48) | 0.029 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) (%) | 249 (8.11) | 53 (7.89) | 141 (8.03) | 7 (4.93) | 48 (9.56) | 0.304 |
Respiratory disease, n (%) | 284 (9.24) | 75 (11.16) | 132 (7.52) | 21 (14.79) | 56 (11.16) | 0.001 |
Cancer, n (%) | 157 (5.11) | 38 (5.65) | 89 (5.07) | 5 (3.52) | 25 (4.98) | 0.741 |
Blood biomarkers | ||||||
25(OH)D, nmol/L | 40.22 ± 13.63 | 64.75 ± 14.55 | 31.51 ± 10.13 | 64.26 ± 14.56 | 30.93 ± 10.09 | < 0.001 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.97 (0.41,2.39) | 0.73 (0.35,1.37) | 0.69 (0.34,1.28) | 6.20 (4.03,11.71) | 6.54 (3.98,14.21) | < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/L | 41.40 ± 4.65 | 42.03 ± 4.33 | 41.10 ± 4.57 | 40.25 ± 4.73 | 39.27 ± 4.83 | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose, mmol/L | 4.69 (3.99,5.47) | 4.66 (3.95,5.43) | 4.67 (4.01,5.41) | 4.61 (4.01,5.53) | 4.87 (4.02,5.98) | 0.013 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.48 ± 1.02 | 4.48 ± 0.91 | 4.53 ± 1.05 | 4.23 ± 0.86 | 4.36 ± 1.08 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.91 (0.66,1.28) | 0.89 (0.64,1.19) | 0.92 (0.67,1.31) | 0.86 (0.65,1.22) | 0.93 (0.66,1.32) | 0.061 |
Creatinine, mmol/L | 81.41 ± 26.84 | 83.23 ± 22.13 | 78.29 ± 26.05 | 89.36 ± 26.67 | 87.63 ± 27.08 | < 0.001 |