Table 1 Characteristics of all participants by sarcopenia status

Age, year

63.00 (60.00, 69.00)

64.00 (62.00, 68.00)

61.00 (55.00, 68.00)

68.00(62.00, 74.00)

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

1691 (46.0)

631 (58.1)

764 (39.4)

296 (45.6)

< 0.001

Married (vs others)

3128 (85.1)

964 (88.8)

1660 (85.5)

504 (77.7)

< 0.001

Rural (vs urban)

2559 (69.6)

714 (65.7)

1336 (68.8)

509 (78.4)

< 0.001

Smoking

1500 (40.8)

437 (40.3)

796 (41.4)

267 (41.1)

0.893

Drinking

1160 (31.6)

341 (31.4)

601 (31.0)

218 (33.6)

0.477

Educational level

< 0.001

Elementary school or below

2949 (80.2)

844 (77.7)

1549 (79.8)

556 (85.8)

Secondary school

689 (18.7)

222 (20.4)

378 (19.5)

89 (13.7)

College and above

36 (1.0)

20 (1.8)

13 (0.7)

3 (0.5)

Comorbidities, n(%)

Hypertension

2108 (57.3)

658 (60.8)

1158 (59.8)

292 (45.3)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

1775 (48.3)

559 (51.9)

1017 (52.8)

199 (31.0)

< 0.001

Diabetes

735 (20.3)

243 (22.6)

401 (20.8)

91 (14.1)

0.323

Blood pressure, mm Hg

Systolic

130.00(116.33, 145.33)

131.33 (118.67, 146.33)

130.33 (116.50, 146.33)

126.33 (113.00, 140.67)

< 0.001

Diastolic

74.33 (66.67, 82.33)

74.83 (67.67, 82.33)

75.33 (67.67, 83.67)

70.67 (63.00, 78.33)

< 0.001

Laboratory test indicators

Glucose (mg/dl)

102.60 (95.04, 114.02)

103.68 (96.12, 117.36)

103.14 (95.22, 114.30)

100.26 (92.88, 109.26)

< 0.001

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.76 (0.66, 0.87)

0.79 (0.69, 0.93)

0.73 (0.63, 0.85)

0.75 (0.64, 0.85)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

191.37 (167.78, 216.11)

193.30 (168.17, 217.27)

190.98 (168.56, 216.88)

189.05 (165.08, 212.05)

0.040

Triglycerides, mg/dL

103.55 (74.34, 149.57)

104.43 (75.23, 155.76)

109.74 (78.77, 160.19)

84.96 (65.49, 120.36)

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

115.59 (93.94, 138.40)

118.68 (95.88, 140.72)

48.33 (39.43, 58.38)

56.44 (47.17, 68.04)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

49.48 (40.59, 59.92)

47.55 (39.82, 58.76)

115.59 (94.72, 139.18)

112.89 (89.11, 132.02)

< 0.001

Height, cm

156.70 (151.00, 163.00)

158.50 (152.00, 164.73)

155.90 (150.55, 162.30)

156.00 (150.30, 161.00)

< 0.001

Weight, kg

56.20 (49.50, 64.40)

53.00 (59.10, 66.40)

58.60 (52.70, 65.80)

45.50 (41.45, 48.80)

< 0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

92.57 (83.06, 99.22)

90.60 (81.40, 96.42)

94.43 (84.74, 101.15)

90.41 (80.53, 97.24)

< 0.001

Handgrip strength, kg

Male

36.20(31.00,42.00)

39.00(34.60,44.00)

35.50(29.00,41.98)

32.40(27.00,36.50)

< 0.001

Female

25.00(20.00,29.60)

26.10(22.50,30.00)

25.00(20.00,30.00)

23.00(19.00,27.50)

< 0.001

ASM/Ht², kg/m²

Male

7.39(6.99,7.90)

7.57(7.18,8.04)

7.54(7.19,8.05)

6.63(6.42,6.75)

< 0.001

Female

9.44(8.96,9.94)

9.56(9.19,9.91)

9.63(9.22,10.13)

8.48(8.27,8.66)

< 0.001

Gait speed, m/s

1.27 (1.00, 1.54)

1.46 (1.25, 1.70)

1.03 (0.82, 1.34)

1.23 (0.95, 1.49)

< 0.001

5-time chair stand test, s

12.03 (9.34, 14.52)

9.22 (7.81, 10.44)

13.50 (12.22, 15.62)

11.56 (9.31, 14.02)

< 0.001