Table 1 Recommendations and clinical cutoff scores for fall risk domains
Fall risk domain | Measure | Clinical cutoff scores [3] | Recommendation provided |
|---|---|---|---|
Balance and strength | Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) [25] | < 25/28 | “If you feel unsteady when standing or walking, consider exercises that improve balance and strength, like Tai Chi.” |
30-second Chair Stand Test (CST) [26] | Fewer stands than norm-referenced scores for age group | ||
Vision | Near contrast visual acuity using the King-Devick Apple iPad App [27] | ≤ 20/40 or worse | “If you experience changes in your vision, get an annual eye exam and replace your glasses as needed.” |
Low contrast visual acuity using the King-Devick Apple iPad App [27] | ≤ 20/40 or worse | ||
Fear of falling | Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) [28] | > 10 | “If you are worried about falling, talk to your doctor about fall prevention classes, and tell them right away if you fall.” |
Home hazards | Westmead Home Safety Assessment [29] | ≥ 4 hazards | “If there are fall hazards in your home, use the home safety self-assessment tool to find and fix fall hazards to make your home safer.” |
Sensation | Physical assessments (vibration and sharp sensation) [30] | Vibration: <10 s | “If you experience tingling, numbness, or pain in your feet, ask your doctor to check your feet at least once a year.” |
Sharp: any impairment | |||
Medications | Number of prescription medications | ≥ 4 prescription medications | “If you take more than 4 prescription medications, have your doctor or pharmacist review your medications, including over-the-counter medications and vitamins.” |