Table 1 General characteristics of the 1,362 participants with different vitamin D changes
| Â | Vitamin D change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Deficiency (n = 704) | No deficiency to deficiency (n = 227) | Deficiency to no deficiency (n = 215) | No deficiency (n = 216) | P-value |
Median (IQR) | |||||
 Age, years | 87.5(78.0–97.0) | 79.0(72.0–88.5) | 79.0(71.0–88.0) | 81.5(72.0–89.0) |  < 0.001 |
 SBP, mmHg | 141(128–160) | 140(126–160) | 140(125–150) | 140(128–150) | 0.067 |
 DBP, mmHg | 80(71–89) | 80(71–90) | 80(77–90) | 80(71–88) | 0.180 |
 WC, cm | 80.0(74.0–88.0) | 83.0(76.0–90.0) | 81.0(75.5–89.0) | 79.0(73.0–84.0) |  < 0.001 |
 HGB, g/L | 125.00(113.00–136.00) | 130.00(119.00–140.00) | 140.00(127.50–152.00) | 129.00(114.00–142.00) |  < 0.001 |
 Alb, g/L | 42.60(39.80–44.70) | 43.20(41.00–45.25) | 43.80(40.85–45.50) | 43.80(41.80–45.62) |  < 0.001 |
 FBG, mmol/L | 5.01(4.45–5.75) | 4.94(4.39–5.82) | 5.27(4.67–5.87) | 4.89(4.01–5.50) |  < 0.001 |
 Creatinine, mmol/L | 75.45(65.17–92.12) | 79.40(68.65–92.30) | 74.80(66.15–86.80) | 80.30(69.17–94.65) | 0.068 |
 Uric acid, μmol/L | 272.00(224.00–327.00) | 296.00(253.50–344.50) | 272.00(235.00–320.00) | 314.00(264.00–380.50) |  < 0.001 |
 TC, mmol/L | 4.78(4.17–5.51) | 4.85(4.25–5.49) | 4.48(3.96–5.09) | 4.62(4.06–5.12) |  < 0.001 |
 TG, mmol/L | 1.06(0.80–1.48) | 1.07(0.80–1.50) | 1.07(0.83–1.58) | 0.95(0.75–1.37) | 0.181 |
 HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.36(1.11–1.65) | 1.42(1.17–1.65) | 1.25(1.03–1.55) | 1.42(1.18–1.66) |  < 0.001 |
 25(OH)D 2012, nmol/L | 32.60(25.66–40.41) | 58.90(53.91–66.67) | 34.00(27.23–42.27) | 63.92(56.38–75.07) |  < 0.001 |
 25(OH)D 2014, nmol/L | 30.45(21.90–38.23) | 36.80(31.35–42.80) | 61.20(55.15–72.10) | 65.35(57.50–75.93) |  < 0.001 |
 MMSE | 24.00(16.00–29.00) | 28.00(24.00–29.00) | 27.00(22.00–29.00) | 26.50(23.00–29.00) |  < 0.001 |
N (%) | |||||
 Age, years |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  60–79 | 202(28.7) | 115(50.7) | 109(50.7) | 97(44.9) |  |
  80–99 | 358(50.9) | 87(38.3) | 80(37.2) | 95(44.0) |  |
   ≥ 100 | 144(20.5) | 25(11.0) | 26(12.1) | 24(11.1) |  |
 Sex |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Male | 244(34.7) | 133(58.6) | 139(64.7) | 145(67.1) |  |
  Female | 460(65.3) | 94(41.4) | 76(35.3) | 71(32.9) |  |
 Currently married and living with spouse | 231(32.8) | 127(55.9) | 116(54.0) | 100(46.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Residence |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Rural | 546(77.6) | 171(75.3) | 199(92.6) | 199(92.1) |  |
  Urban | 158(22.4) | 56(24.7) | 16(7.4) | 17(7.9) |  |
 Education |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Illiteracy | 461(65.9) | 99(44.4) | 125(58.1) | 111(52.1) |  |
   ≤ 6yrs | 181(25.9) | 89(39.9) | 62(28.8) | 72(33.8) |  |
   ≥ 7yrs | 58(8.3) | 35(15.7) | 28(13.0) | 30(14.1) |  |
 Current/past drinking | 119(16.9) | 65(28.6) | 42(19.5) | 56(25.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Current/past smoking | 130(18.5) | 72(31.7) | 46(21.4) | 66(30.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Current/past exercise | 109(15.5) | 38(16.7) | 43(20.0) | 35(16.2) | 0.482 |
 Poor self-rated health | 82(11.6) | 29(12.8) | 23(10.7) | 21(9.7) | 0.759 |
 History of cardiac or cerebrovascular disease | 116(16.5) | 23(10.1) | 43(20.0) | 14(6.5) |  < 0.001 |