Table 2 Association between multimorbidity and institutional care willingness among older adults in Shandong, China, 2018 (N = 8583)

Main terms

 Chronic health conditions (No chronic condition ^Ref)

  One chronic condition

1.02 (0.85, 1.23)

0.803

1.08 (0.89, 1.30)

0.440

1.09 (0.90, 1.32)

0.396

  Multimorbidity

1.17 (0.95, 1.43)

0.104

1.25 (1.06, 1.55)

0.040

1.42 (1.13, 1.78)

0.003

 Functional limitations (No ^Ref)

  Yes

0.82 (0.63, 1.08)

0.168

1.11 (0.80, 1.55)

0.526

2.02 (1.18, 3.43)

0.010

Interaction term

  (No chronic condition × Without functional limitations ^Ref)

  One chronic condition × Functional limitations

0.67 (0.34, 1.32)

0.245

  Multimorbidity × Functional limitations

0.29 (0.14, 0.61)

0.001

Controls

 Gender (Male ^Ref)

  Female

0.83 (0.71, 0.97)

0.021

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

0.344

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

0.358

 Age

0.94 (0.93, 0.96)

 < .001

0.95 (0.93, 0.96)

 < .001

0.95 (0.93, 0.96)

 < .001

 Education (Illiteracy ^Ref)

  Primary school

1.96 (1.54, 2.49)

 < .001

1.86 (1.45, 2.40)

 < .001

1.89 (1.47, 2.43)

 < .001

  Junior school

2.89 (2.27, 3.67)

 < .001

2.41 (1.83, 3.17)

 < .001

2.44 (1.85, 3.22)

 < .001

  Middle school or above

3.16 (2.43, 4.13)

 < .001

2.58 (1.87, 3.56)

 < .001

2.61 (1.89, 3.60)

 < .001

 Marital status^d (Single ^Ref)

  Married

1.20 (0.95, 1.50)

0.122

0.92 (0.67, 1.25)

0.573

0.92 (0.68, 1.25)

0.600

 Employment status (Employed ^Ref)

  Retired

1.31 (1.07, 1.60)

0.008

1.37 (1.04, 1.81)

0.023

1.37 (1.04, 1.80)

0.025

  Unemployed

0.72 (0.59, 0.87)

0.001

0.96 (0.78, 1.18)

0.678

0.95 (0.77, 1.18)

0.658

 Region (Urban ^Ref)

  Rural

1.31 (1.12, 1.54)

0.001

1.56 (1.29, 1.89)

 < .001

1.57 (1.29, 1.90)

 < .001

 Living arrangements (With others ^Ref)

  Alone

1.00 (0.78, 1.28)

0.989

1.11 (0.79, 1.56)

0.544

1.12 (0.80, 1.56)

0.528

 Household income^e (Q1 ^Ref)

  Q2

0.94 (0.75, 1.17)

0562

0.75 (0.59, 0.95)

0.015

0.75 (0.59, 0.94)

0.014

  Q3

0.98 (0.78, 1.23)

0.866

0.69 (0.54, 0.90)

0.006

0.69 (0.54, 0.90)

0.006

  Q4

1.35 (1.08, 1.69)

0.008

0.83 (0.62, 1.11)

0.212

0.83 (0.61, 1.11)

0.205

 Health records (Yes ^Ref)

  No

1.28 (1.05, 1.54)

0.012

0.83 (0.67, 1.04)

0.108

0.83 (0.67, 1.04)

0.109

 Family doctor (Yes ^Ref)

  No

2.00 (1.71, 2.35)

 < .001

1.85 (1.54, 2.24)

 < .001

1.85 (1.54, 2.23)

 < .001

 Social activity (Yes ^Ref)

  No

0.99 (0.83, 1.19)

0.947

0.97 (0.79, 1.18)

0.753

0.97 (0.79, 1.18)

0.730

 Need caregiving (Yes ^Ref)

  No

0.81 (0.61, 1.08)

0.147

0.99 (0.71, 1.38)

0.932

1.03 (0.74, 1.43)

0.882

 BMI (Underweight ^Ref)

  Normal

1.34 (0.89, 2.02)

0.155

1.07 (0.73, 1.36)

0.756

1.08 (0.71, 1.63)

0.729

  Overweight

1.56 (1.04, 2.35)

0.032

1.09 (0.57, 1.00)

0.698

1.10 (0.72, 1.68)

0.655

  Obesity

1.73 (1.11, 2.67)

0.014

1.20 (1.82, 3.50)

0.431

1.21 (1.77, 1.91)

0.408