Table 1 Study characteristics of the HAPIEE analytic samples
From: Social networks and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the HAPIEE study
|  | Totala n = 6691 | Czech Republic (n = 2065) | Poland (n = 2275) | Russia (n = 2351) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
% or Mean (SD) for follow-up measures (2006/2008) | ||||
 Immediate recall (0–30) | 22.0 (4.2) | 23.0 (3.7) | 20.4 (4.3) | 22.7 (4.0) |
 Delayed recall (0–10) | 7.6 (2.0) | 7.7 (1.8) | 6.8 (2.0) | 8.1 (1.8) |
 Verbal fluency | 22.5 (7.1) | 23.6 (6.4) | 20.9 (6.0) | 22.9 (8.3) |
 Processing speed (0–65) | 17.3 (5.1) | 17.8 (5.0) | 16.6 (5.2) | 17.6 (5.0) |
% or Mean (SD) for baseline measures (2002/2005) | ||||
 Immediate recall (0–30) | 20.8 (4.3) | 22.8 (3.4) | 19.0 (3.8) | 20.5 (4.5) |
 Delayed recall (0–10) | 7.0 (1.9) | 7.7 (1.7) | 6.7 (1.8) | 6.7 (2.0) |
 Verbal fluency | 20.6 (6.9) | 23.6 (6.6) | 19.4 (5.8) | 19.1 (7.2) |
 Processing speed (0–65) | 17.7 (5.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 17.6 (6.4) | 17.4 (5.3) |
 Age (years) | 62.2 (6.0) | 61.6 (6.1) | 64.3 (4.1) | 60.5 (6.7) |
 Female | 53.7% | 54.6% | 48.9% | 57.6% |
Network size of friendsb | ||||
 None | 46.5% |  | 29.6% | 62.8% |
 1 or 2 | 35.3% | Not available | 51.1% | 19.9% |
 3 to 5 | 14.3% |  | 14.8% | 13.7% |
 More than 5 | 4.0% |  | 4.5% | 3.5% |
Network size of relativesb | ||||
 None | 40.5% |  | 31.6% | 49.1% |
 1 or 2 | 35.3% |  | 43.1% | 27.8% |
 3 to 5 | 20.6% |  | 21.2% | 20.0% |
 More than 5 | 3.6% |  | 4.1% | 3.1% |
Contact frequency with friends | ||||
 No friends | 6.7% | 1.8% | 7.0% | 10.6% |
 Less than once a month | 26.7% | 20.2% | 31.5% | 28.0% |
 About once a month | 21.7% | 22.8% | 21.8% | 20.5% |
 Several times a month | 16.3% | 24.0% | 17.1% | 8.6% |
 About once a week | 16.4% | 20.2% | 14.9% | 14.6% |
 Several times a week | 12.2% | 11.0% | 7.7% | 17.7% |
Contact frequency with relatives | ||||
 No relatives | 2.6% | 0.8% | 3.4% | 3.3% |
 Less than once a month | 18.6% | 8.9% | 26.4% | 19.5% |
 About once a month | 14.1% | 9.5% | 18.9% | 13.6% |
 Several times a month | 14.5% | 16.6% | 18.8% | 8.5% |
 About once a week | 24.5% | 27.3% | 18.4% | 27.9% |
 Several times a week | 25.8% | 36.9% | 14.2% | 27.3% |
Participation in social activities | ||||
 Never or not a member | 81.8% | 68.0% | 86.7% | 89.2% |
 At least several times a year | 8.8% | 15.2% | 6.8% | 5.0% |
 Several times a month or more | 9.4% | 16.8% | 6.5% | 5.8% |
Educational level | ||||
 Primary or lower | 9.6% | 10.9% | 12.6% | 5.4% |
 Vocational | 26.2% | 35.7% | 18.2% | 25.4% |
 Secondary | 37.0% | 38.5% | 39.0% | 33.7% |
 University | 27.3% | 14.9% | 30.2% | 35.5% |
Number of household amenities (0–12) | 6.3 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.1 (2.1) | 6.0 (2.2) |
Not working | 64.6% | 62.6% | 78.8% | 52.3% |
Not partnered | 25.6% | 23.5% | 25.1% | 27.9% |
Smoking status | ||||
 Current | 20.4% | 19.5% | 21.0% | 20.7% |
 Former | 25.2% | 30.6% | 31.5% | 14.5% |
 Never | 54.3% | 49.9% | 47.5% | 64.8% |
Alcohol drinking frequency | ||||
 Never | 21.5% | 11.7% | 38.3% | 13.7% |
  < 1/month | 29.9% | 24.3% | 23.4% | 41.0% |
 1–3/month | 20.3% | 22.2% | 18.0% | 20.8% |
 1–4/week | 21.9% | 27.5% | 16.8% | 22.0% |
 More than 5/week | 6.4% | 14.2% | 3.4% | 2.5% |
Alcohol intake per week (grams) | 2580.7 (6134.5) | 3902.2 (7940.0) | 1323.6 (3764.2) | 2636.6 (5914.7) |
Physical activity per week (hours) | 21.2 (14.3) | 19.5 (15.4) | 19.5 (13.2) | 24.2 (13.8) |
Self-rated health | ||||
 Very poor or poor | 14.5% | 8.2% | 14.1% | 20.3% |
 Fair | 59.6% | 49.4% | 57.0% | 71.2% |
 Very good or good | 26.0% | 42.5% | 28.9% | 8.6% |
Number of chronic diseases (0–4) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.6) |
CES-D 20 score (0–60) | 10.9 (7.9) | 9.3 (7.9) | 10.6 (7.6) | 12.4 (7.9) |