Table 2 Factors associated with low handgrip strength

Visual acuity

 Impaired ^b

2.00

(1.34

–

2.96)

< 0.001

 Moderate ^c

1.54

(1.12

–

2.12)

0.009

 Good ^d

1.00

 p for trend

< 0.001

Hearing acuity (self-reported)

 Impaired

1.66

(1.15

–

2.38)

0.007

 Moderate

1.25

(1.01

–

1.55)

0.047

 Good

1.00

 p for trend

0.003

Gender

 Female

0.62

(0.45

–

0.87)

0.005

 Male

1.00

Age

 60 ~ 64

0.20

(0.14

–

0.27)

< 0.001

 65 ~ 69

0.28

(0.22

–

0.37)

< 0.001

 70 ~ 74

0.46

(0.35

–

0.61)

< 0.001

 75~

1.00

Region

 Rural

1.04

(0.82

–

1.33)

0.708

 Metropolitans

1.00

Educational level

 Under high school

1.03

(0.74

–

1.47)

0.845

 College or above

1.00

Job

 White collar

0.39

(0.22

–

0.69)

0.001

 Pink collar

0.70

(0.48

–

1.01)

0.057

 Blue collar

0.87

(0.69

–

1.10)

0.234

 None

1.00

Household income

 Low

1.38

(0.95

–

1.99)

0.091

 Middle low

1.28

(0.88

–

1.87)

0.188

 Middle high

1.00

(0.66

–

1.53)

0.985

 High

1.00

Marriage

 No

1.39

(1.09

–

1.76)

0.007

 Yes

1.00

Smoking

 Current

1.15

(0.80

–

1.64)

0.453

 Past

0.89

(0.66

–

1.20)

0.454

 Never

1.00

Drink

 2 ~ 4 times / week

0.87

(0.66

–

1.15)

0.332

 2 ~ 4 times / month

0.55

(0.39

–

0.76)

< 0.001

 Never or occasionally

1.00

Obesity Status (BMI)^e

 Obese (≥ 25)

0.67

(0.56

–

0.80)

< 0.001

 Normal or under-weight (< 25)

1.00

Physical activity

 Low

1.34

(1.06

–

1.68)

0.014

 High

1.00

Stroke

 Yes

1.92

(1.01

–

3.65)

0.047

 No

1.00

Cardiovascular disease^f

 Yes

0.98

(0.68

–

1.42)

0.921

 No

1.00

Hypertension

 Yes

1.05

(0.86

–

1.28)

0.637

 No

1.00

Diabetes mellitus

 Yes

1.20

(0.96

–

1.49)

0.117

 No

1.00

Year

 2017

0.71

(0.56

–

0.90)

0.005

 2018

1.00