Variables | Overalla (n = 189) | Malea (n = 91) | Femalea (n = 98) | t(p) or χ2(p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 77.19 ± 6.12 | 78.05 ± 6.00 | 76.38 ± 6.15 | 1.90(.060) |
Smoking status | ||||
 Never | 123 (65.08%) | 27 (29.67%) | 96 (97.96%) | 97.05(<.0001)b |
 Quitted | 56 (29.63%) | 55 (60.44%) | 1 (1.02%) |  |
 Smoking | 10 (5.29%) | 9 (9.89%) | 1 (1.02%) |  |
Co-morbidity | ||||
 Hypertension | 159 (84.13%) | 73 (80.22%) | 86 (87.76%) | 2.01(.157) |
 Hyperlipidemia | 115 (60.85%) | 50 (54.95%) | 65 (66.33%) | 2.57(.109) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 79 (41.8%) | 36 (39.56%) | 43 (43.88%) | 0.36(.548) |
 Coronary artery disease | 56 (29.63%) | 28 (30.77%) | 28 (28.57%) | 0.11(.741) |
 Stroke | 51 (26.98%) | 26 (28.57%) | 25 (25.51%) | 0.22(.636) |
Medication | ||||
 Aspirin | 79 (41.8%) | 42 (46.15%) | 37 (37.76%) | 1.37(.242) |
 β-blockers | 45 (23.81%) | 22 (24.18%) | 23 (23.47%) | 0.01(.909) |
 Calcium channel blockers | 89 (47.09%) | 41 (45.05%) | 48 (48.98%) | 0.29(.589) |
 ACEIs or ARBs | 104 (55.03%) | 50 (54.95%) | 54 (55.1%) | 0.001(.983) |
 Metformin | 48 (25.4%) | 20 (21.98%) | 28 (28.57%) | 1.08(.298) |
 Sulfonylureas | 58 (30.69%) | 23 (25.27%) | 35 (35.71%) | 2.42(.120) |
 Thiazolidinediones | 14 (7.41%) | 7 (7.69%) | 7 (7.14%) | 0.02(.885) |
 Acarbose | 6 (3.17%) | 3 (3.3%) | 3 (3.06%) | 0.01(.927) |
 Repaglinide | 5 (2.65%) | 2 (2.2%) | 3 (3.06%) | 0.14(.712) |
 Statins | 65 (34.39%) | 24 (26.37%) | 41 (41.84%) | 5.00(.025) |
Frailty Score (Level)c | ||||
 0 (Robust) | 46 (24.34%) | 22 (24.18%) | 24 (24.49%) | <.0001(.614) b |
 1 (Pre-frail) | 58 (30.69%) | 32 (35.16%) | 26 (26.53%) |  |
 2 (Pre-frail) | 48 (25.4%) | 22 (24.18%) | 26 (26.53%) |  |
 3 (Frail) | 27 (14.29%) | 10 (10.99%) | 17 (17.35%) |  |
 4 (Frail) | 9 (4.76%) | 5 (5.49%) | 4 (4.08%) |  |
 5 (Frail) | 1 (0.53%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.02%) |  |
Body composition | ||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 25.05 ± 3.38 | 24.87 ± 3.52 | 25.21 ± 3.26 | − 0.67(.501) |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 90.29 ± 9.81 | 90.45 ± 10.04 | 90.14 ± 9.64 | 0.21(.833) |
 ASMI (kg/m2) | 6.71 ± 1.1 | 7.53 ± 0.86 | 5.95 ± 0.66 | 13.98(<.0001) |
 Fat mass percentage (%) | 34.17 ± 8.15 | 27.87 ± 5.77 | 40 ± 5.12 | −15.14(<.0001) |
Laboratory tests | ||||
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.9 ± 1.65 | 13.34 ± 1.72 | 12.46 ± 1.47 | 3.42(.001) |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 4.54 ± 0.34 | 4.55 ± 0.41 | 4.54 ± 0.26 | 0.10(.919) |
 Total-Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.87 ± 0.9 | 4.63 ± 0.79 | 5.08 ± 0.95 | −3.30(.001) |
 BUN (mmol/L) | 7.5 ± 3.4 | 8.22 ± 4.04 | 6.83 ± 2.5 | 2.52(.013) |
 Creatinine (μmol/L) | 113.72 ± 63.51 | 128.29 ± 57.38 | 99.5 ± 66.27 | 2.95(.004) |
 MDRD-simplify-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 57.45 ± 16.94 | 57.04 ± 17.41 | 57.85 ± 16.56 | − 0.30(.761) |
 Log (TNF-α (pg/mL)) | 1.46 ± 0.51 | 1.45 ± 0.51 | 1.47 ± 0.5 | − 0.30(.762) |
 Log (CRP (nmol/L)) | 1.42 ± 0.29 | 1.44 ± 0.29 | 1.41 ± 0.3 | 0.50(.619) |
 Log (Adiponectin (μg/mL)) | 1.00 ± 0.26 | 0.97 ± 0.22 | 1.03 ± 0.28 | − 1.30(.195) |
 Log (ZAG (μg/ml)) | 1.82 ± 0.11 | 1.85 ± 0.12 | 1.79 ± 0.10 | 3.51(.0006) |