Table 1 Main baseline characteristics of the total BIS cohort by number of drugs
| Â | Â | Number of drugs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 0 | 1–4 | 5–9 | ≥10 | |
n (%) | 2069 (100) | 60 (3) | 635 (31) | 1044 (50) | 330 (16) |
Age (mean ± SD), years | 79.5 ± 6.6 | 76.4 ± 5.7 | 78.1 ± 6.3 | 80.2 ± 6.6 | 80.7 ± 6.6 |
Female, n (%) | 1307 (63) | 20 (34) | 384 (60) | 685 (66) | 218 (66) |
Education (CASMIN-short)a, n (%) | |||||
 Low | 1285 (62) | 36 (59) | 397 (63) | 648 (62) | 205 (62) |
 Middle | 434 (21) | 11 (18) | 118 (19) | 238 (23) | 67 (20) |
 High | 340 (17) | 14 (23) | 118 (19) | 152 (15) | 57 (17) |
Income, € (%) | |||||
  < 1000 € | 639 (36) | 17 (32) | 200 (37) | 321 (36) | 101 (36) |
 1000–1999 € | 1021 (58) | 33 (61) | 306 (57) | 516 (58) | 166 (60) |
  ≥ 2000 € | 106 (6) | 4 (7) | 35 (7) | 56 (6) | 11 (4) |
Hypertensionb, n (%) | 1629 (79) | n.a. | 396 (62) | 916 (88) | 317 (96) |
Diabetes mellitusc, n (%) | 538 (26) | 2 (3) | 84 (13) | 299 (29) | 153 (47) |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 247 (12) | 0 | 32 (5) | 135 (13) | 80 (24) |
Stroke, n (%) | 172 (8) | 1 (1) | 35 (6) | 94 (9) | 42 (13) |
Cancer, n (%) | 435 (21) | 8 (13) | 118 (19) | 218 (21) | 92 (28) |
eGFRBIS2d < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 1041 (50) | 10 (17) | 234 (37) | 573 (55) | 223 (68) |
CCI (mean ± SD) | 6.9 ± 3.0 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 9.0 ± 3.3 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 573 (28) | 3 (5) | 148 (23) | 300 (29) | 122 (37) |
Smoking (ever), n (%) | 934 (45) | 36 (59) | 253 (40) | 486 (47) | 159 (48) |
Alcohol intake (%) | |||||
  < 1/month | 964 (47) | 19 (32) | 253 (40) | 505 (49) | 187 (57) |
  ≥ 1/month - 2/week | 712 (35) | 23 (38) | 249 (40) | 340 (33) | 100 (31) |
  ≥3/week – daily | 376 (18) | 19 (31) | 127 (20) | 190 (18) | 40 (12) |
Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
  < 1/week | 528 (26) | 10 (16) | 96 (15) | 287 (28) | 135 (41) |
 1–5/week | 947 (46) | 16 (26) | 310 (49) | 484 (47) | 138 (42) |
  > 5/week | 588 (29) | 35 (58) | 229 (36) | 268 (26) | 57 (17) |
Subjective general state of health, n (%) | |||||
 excellent | 86 (4) | 11 (18) | 44 (7) | 27 (3) | 4 (1) |
 good | 966 (47) | 42 (69) | 392 (62) | 443 (43) | 89 (27) |
 moderate | 796 (39) | 7 (12) | 176 (28) | 446 (43) | 166 (51) |
 poor | 180 (9) | 1 (1) | 17 (3) | 106 (10) | 57 (17) |
 very poor | 29 (1) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 15 (1) | 12 (4) |
Drug categorye, n (%) | |||||
 OTC only | 62 (3) | n.a. | 58 (9) | 4 (0.4) | 0 |
 PD only | 407 (20) | n.a. | 241 (38) | 145 (14) | 21 (6) |
 PD and OTC combined | 1539 (74) | n.a. | 336 (53) | 895 (86) | 308 (94) |
 PIMf, n (%) | 311 (15) | n.a. | 36 (6) | 177 (17) | 98 (30) |