Characteristic | Intervention (n = 23) | Control (n = 25) | Statistic | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
AGE (Years) |  |  | −2.22a | 0.03d |
Mean (SD) | 63.96 (7.86) | 59.52 (5.93) | ||
Age Range | 51–82 | 51–78 | ||
SEX | Â | Â | 0.01b | 0.91 |
Female | 16 (69.6%) | 17 (68.0%) | ||
ETHNICITY | Â | Â | 0.02 | 0.89 |
White/Caucasian | 21 (91.3%) | 24 (96.0%) | ||
Aboriginal | 1 (4.3%) | 1(4.0%) | ||
South East Asian | 1 (4.3%) | – | ||
LIVING ARRANGEMENT | Â | Â | 0.02 | 0.88 |
Alone in residence | 8 (34.8%) | 12 (48.0%) | ||
With Spouse | 8 (34.8%) | 5 (20.0%) | ||
With family member(s) other than spouse | 4 (17.4%) | 3 (12.0%) | ||
Other | 3 (13.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | ||
EDUCATION | Â | Â | 0.03 | 0.86 |
Less than High School Diploma | 5 (22.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | ||
High School Diploma | 4 (18.2%) | 6 (24.0%) | ||
Some College, no degree | 11 (50%) | 7 (28.0%) | ||
Bachelor’s Degree | 2 (9.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | ||
EMPLOYMENT STATUS | Â | Â | 0.29 | 0.59 |
Employed | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (4.0%) | ||
Unemployed | 1 (4.3%) | 2 (8.0%) | ||
Retired | 11 (47.8%) | 6 (24.0%) | ||
Disabled | 10 (43.5) | 16 (64.0%) | ||
ANNUAL INCOME | Â | Â | 3.61 | 0.06 |
< $21,000 | 9 (39.1%) | 16 (66.7%) | ||
$21,000 - $40,000 | 9 (39.1%) | 6 (25.0%) | ||
> $40,000 | 5 (21.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | ||
CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.48 (2.19) | 4.20 (1.98) | −0.46a | 0.65 |
MEDICATION | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Prescriptions | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mean (SD) | 9.39 (3.73) | 10.12 (4.76) | 0.59a | 0.56 |
Over-the-counter | ||||
Mean (SD) | 1.68 (1.84) | 2.12 (2.74) | 0.63a | 5.53 |
HELP TAKING MEDICATION | ||||
Yes | 5 (21.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.26 | 0.61 |
CAREGIVER | ||||
Yes | 3 (15.8%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.31 | 0.58 |
SEEK MEDICATION HELPc | Â | Â | 3.09 | 0.69 |
Pharmacist | 17 (42.5%) | 20 (40.0%) | ||
General Physician | 19 (47.5%) | 23 (46.0%) | ||
Specialist | 3 (7.5%) | 3 (6.0%) | ||
Homecare Staff (Nurse/HCA) | 0 | 1 (2.0%) | ||
Other | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (6.0%) | ||
MANAGEMENT METHOD | Â | Â | 1.15 | 0.28 |
Blister Pack | 5 (26.3%) | 12 (52.2%) | ||
Pill Organizers | 9 (47.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | ||
None (pill containers) | 2 (10.5%) | 6 (26.1%) | ||
Other | 3 (15.8%) | 1 (4.3%) | ||
MEDICATION TIMES/DAY |  |  | −0.11a | 0.91 |
Mean (SD) | 2.91 (0.92) | 2.87 (1.11) |