Table 2 Logistic regression analysis examining the association between social capital and loneliness (N = 1810)

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

 60–69

1

1

 70–79

1.21 (0.98–1.49)

0.96 (0.75–1.22)

  ≥ 80

2.32 (1.76–3.06) ***

1.25 (0.90–1.74)

 Male

1

1

 Female

1.38 (1.14–1.68) **

1.05 (0.79–1.38)

 Normal weight

1

1

 Underweight

1.06 (0.77–1.47)

0.81 (0.56–1.17)

 Overweight

0.77 (0.62–0.96) *

0.88 (0.69–1.12)

 Obese

0.72 (0.50–1.03)

0.68 (0.45–1.03)

 Not living alone

1

1

 Living alone

2.13 (1.62–2.80) ***

1.39 (0.96–2.00)

Residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

1.86 (1.53–2.26) ***

1.26 (1.00–1.60)

Marital status

 Married/cohabited

1

1

 Single

2.40 (1.92–3.00) ***

1.66 (1.22–2.25) **

Education level

 High school and above

1

1

 Primary school and below

2.58 (1.86–3.57) ***

1.10 (0.76–1.60)

 Junior school

1.06 (0.71–1.59)

0.80 (0.51–1.24)

 Robust

1

1

 Limited

4.48 (3.66–5.48) ***

3.10 (2.45–3.93) ***

 0

1

1

 1

1.49 (1.17–1.89) **

1.30 (0.99–1.70)

 2

1.89 (1.43–2.51) ***

1.48 (1.08–2.03) *

  > 2

3.70 (2.66–5.15) ***

2.38 (1.64–3.45) ***

 Non-smoking

1

1

 Former smoking

0.90 (0.59–1.37)

1.23 (0.72–2.11)

 Smoking

0.77 (0.59–1.00)

1.14 (0.80–1.62)

 Non-drinking

1

1

 Former drinking

0.94 (0.58–1.54)

0.81 (0.44–1.49)

 Drinking

0.67 (0.50–0.89) *

0.80 (0.56–1.13)

 High

1

1

 Low

1.86 (1.54–2.26) ***

1.38 (1.10–1.74) **

 High

1

1

 Low

1.23 (1.02–1.49) *

0.79 (0.62–1.01)

 High

1

1

 Low

2.36 (1.92–2.90) ***

1.51 (1.18–1.93) **

 High

1

1

 Low

1.81 (1.49–2.19) ***

1.21 (0.93–1.56)

 High

1

1

 Low

1.82 (1.50–2.20) ***

1.15 (0.88–1.49)

 High

1

1

 Low

2.03 (1.68–2.46) ***

1.47 (1.13–1.90) **