Depressive symptoms in long term care facilities in Western Canada: a cross sectional study

Hoben, Matthias; Heninger, Abigail; Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna; Knopp-Sihota, Jennifer; Estabrooks, Carole; Goodarzi, Zahra

doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1298-5

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Description of Sample Characteristics

From: Depressive symptoms in long term care facilities in Western Canada: a cross sectional study

	Calgary (n = 2705)		Edmonton (n = 2599)		Fraser (n = 2749)		Interior (n = 1318)		Winnipeg (n = 2074)		P	Total (n = 11,445)
Demographics	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD
Age	84.4	10.2	83.8	11.5	85.0	9.7	85.8	9.8	85.8	9.4	< 0.0001^a	84.7	10.2
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%
Female	1767	65.3	1691	65.1	1888	68.7	866	65.7	1550	74.7	< 0.0001^b	7762	67.8
Marital status
Never married	222	8.2	233	9.0	154	5.6	92	7.0	244	11.8	< 0.0001^b	945	8.3
Married	738	27.3	689	26.5	760	27.6	213	16.2	523	25.2		2923	25.5
Widowed	1341	49.6	1223	47.1	1394	50.7	642	48.7	1113	53.7		5713	49.9
Separated	60	2.2	59	2.3	75	2.7	220	16.7	25	1.2		439	3.8
Divorced	292	10.8	176	6.8	278	10.1	137	10.4	161	7.8		1044	9.1
Unknown	52	1.9	219	8.4	88	3.2	14	1.1	8	0.4		381	3.3
Comorbidities
Depressive symptoms	1102	40.8	922	35.5	382	13.9	375	28.5	314	15.1	< 0.0001^b	3095	27.1
Cognitive impairment	2264	83.7	2208	85.0	2178	79.2	1069	81.1	1614	77.8	< 0.0001^b	9333	81.6
Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment	953	35.5	804	30.9	317	11.5	323	24.5	274	13.2	< 0.0001^b	2671	23.3
Diabetes mellitus	614	22.7	587	22.6	550	20.0	244	18.5	465	22.4	0.0031^b	2460	21.5
Thyroid disease	202	7.5	289	11.1	179	6.5	86	6.5	380	18.3	< 0.0001^b	1136	9.9
HTN	1488	55.0	1433	55.1	1338	48.7	612	46.4	1227	59.2	< 0.0001^b	6098	53.3
Stroke/TIA	568	21.0	597	23.0	590	21.5	308	23.4	483	23.3	0.1619^b	2546	22.3
Hemiplegia/hemiparesis	205	7.6	157	6.0	99	3.6	49	3.7	35	1.7	< 0.0001^b	545	4.8
Seizure disorder	152	5.6	160	6.2	144	5.2	61	4.6	104	5.0	0.2664^b	621	5.4
Cardiovascular disease	1039	38.4	1040	40.0	724	26.3	439	33.3	805	38.8	< 0.0001^b	4047	35.4
Cancer	222	8.2	283	10.9	122	4.4	41	3.1	227	10.9	< 0.0001^b	895	7.8
COPD/asthma	376	13.9	443	17.0	227	8.3	152	11.5	317	15.3	< 0.0001^b	1515	13.2
Renal failure	116	4.3	105	4.0	105	3.8	87	6.6	121	5.8	0.0002^b	534	4.7
Osteoporosis	225	8.3	295	11.4	183	6.7	72	5.5	280	13.5	< 0.0001^b	1055	9.2
Arthritis	583	21.6	550	21.2	390	14.2	263	20.0	702	33.8	< 0.0001^b	2488	21.7
Neurodegenerative disease	116	4.3	155	6.0	84	3.1	58	4.4	144	6.9	< 0.0001^b	557	4.9
Anxiety	95	3.5	109	4.2	60	2.2	51	3.9	271	13.1	< 0.0001^b	586	5.1
Bipolar	46	1.7	61	2.3	37	1.3	22	1.7	41	2.0	0.0908^b	207	1.8
Schizophrenia	90	3.3	74	2.8	48	1.7	25	1.9	75	3.6	< 0.0001^b	312	2.7
Visual impairment	380	14.0	544	20.9	375	13.6	142	10.8	288	13.9	< 0.0001^b	1729	15.1
Gastrointestinal disease	740	27.4	1017	39.1	181	6.6	150	11.4	297	14.3	< 0.0001^b	2385	20.8
Liver disease	31	1.1	26	1.0	16	0.6	16	1.2	14	0.7	0.0848^b	103	0.9
Fecal incontinence	1572	58.1	1926	74.1	1250	45.5	525	39.8	941	45.4	< 0.0001^b	6214	54.3
Urinary incontinence	2043	75.5	2216	85.3	1733	63.0	872	66.2	1363	65.7	< 0.0001^b	8227	71.9
Indwelling catheter	137	5.1	174	6.7	87	3.2	72	5.5	75	3.6	< 0.0001^b	545	4.8
Responsive behaviors	1362	50.4	1434	55.2	1050	38.2	582	44.2	778	37.5	< 0.0001^b	5206	45.5
Fell in past 30 days	428	15.8	392	15.1	373	13.6	210	15.9	313	15.1	0.1405^b	1716	15.0
Stag 2+ pressure ulcer	157	5.8	200	7.7	119	4.3	50	3.8	65	3.1	< 0.0001^b	591	5.2
Stage 2+ stasis ulcer	157	5.8	200	7.7	119	4.3	50	3.8	65	3.1	< 0.0001^b	591	5.2
Hip fracture in last 180 days	48	1.8	42	1.6	23	0.8	10	0.8	18	0.9	0.0015^b	141	1.2
Traumatic brain injury	63	2.3	78	3.0	56	2.0	36	2.7	25	1.2	< 0.0001^b	258	2.3
Aphasia	172	6.4	329	12.7	91	3.3	30	2.3	34	1.6	< 0.0001^b	656	5.7
Daily or excruciating pain	179	6.6	196	7.5	345	12.6	188	14.3	258	12.4	< 0.0001^b	1166	10.2

^aP value is based on an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
^bP value is based on a Fisher’s Exact test
Bold entries is meant to indicate where the p value is significant

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