Anticholinergic and benzodiazepine medication use and risk of incident dementia: a UK cohort study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Attrition-weighted unadjusted and multivariable adjusted incidence rate ratios for the association between benzodiazepine and anticholinergic medication use and incident dementia

Exposure and pattern of use	Dementia incidence			Unadjusted IRR (95% CI)	Adjusted^b IRR (95% CI)
Exposure and pattern of use	Cases	Total	%^a	Unadjusted IRR (95% CI)	Adjusted^b IRR (95% CI)
BZD use
None	195	2819	9.0	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Any	25	227	14.5	1.61 (1.06,2.46)	1.06 (0.72,1.60)
New	5	48	11.1	1.23 (0.51,2.96)	0.65 (0.27,1.60)
Discontinuing	6	57	14.1	1.57 (0.74,3.35)	1.06 (0.53,2.14)
Recurrent	14	122	16.0	1.78 (1.02,3.12)	1.30 (0.79,2.14)
ACB3 use
None	198	2876	9.1	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Any	22	170	15.4	1.70 (1.09,2.65)	1.28 (0.82,2.00)
New	5	60	7.9	0.88 (0.37,2.09)	0.87 (0.34,2.22)
Discontinuing	5	40	20.1	2.22 (0.96,5.14)	1.19 (0.53,2.68)
Recurrent	12	70	18.6	2.05 (1.18,3.56)	1.68 (1.00,2.82)
ACB3 subclass
Not antidepressants	6	53	13.6	1.50 (0.68,3.32)	1.74 (0.84,3.62)
Antidepressants	16	117	16.1	1.78 (1.06,2.98)	1.16 (0.69,1.94)
ACB1 or ACB2 use
None	85	1438	8.3	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Any	135	1609	10.5	1.26 (0.95,1.67)	0.89 (0.68,1.17)
New	34	355	12.8	1.54 (1.02,2.33)	1.14 (0.79,1.63)
Discontinuing	11	220	5.6	0.68 (0.36,1.27)	0.36 (0.19,0.69)
Recurrent	90	1033	10.7	1.29 (0.95,1.75)	0.95 (0.71,1.28)
ACB sum score
Total ACB score (per point)				1.07 (1.03,1.13)	1.00 (0.94,1.06)
ACB12 score (per point)				1.06 (1.00,1.13)	0.97 (0.90,1.04)
ACB3 score (per point)				1.10 (1.02,1.19)	1.06 (0.98, 1.15)

Abbreviations: IRR Attrition-weighted unadjusted incidence rate ratio, aIRR Attrition-weighted adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI confidence-interval, ACB Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden, ACB1 use of a medicine with an ACB score of 1. Scores correspond to possibly anticholinergic (score 1) probably anticholinergic (score 2) definitely anticholinergic (score 3)
^a% represents weighted incidence
^bAdjusted for sex, age, education (≤ 9 years, ≥ 10 years), social class (manual vs non manual), residential accommodation, centre of recruitment, study arm (screen or assessment), health conditions at Y0 or Y2 (stroke, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, sleep problems, anxiety, depression), self- reported health (excellent/good; fair/poor) at Y2, Disability at Y2 (no impairment, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, or impairment in basic activities of daily living), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at Y2 (≤25, > 25), MMSE orientation sub-score at Y2 (< 9, 9/10), decrease in MMSE score between Y0 and Y2 (< 1, 1, 2, ≥ 3 points), and self-perceived change in memory function between Y0 and Y2 (No change or better vs worse)

ISSN: 1471-2318