| Approach to Measurement of Effect of FRD/PIMs | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 Individual Medicationsb | Model 2 Counts of FRD/PIM Classes | Â | Model 3 NNH-Based Risk Categorizations | ||||||
N of cases included in model | 1,678,037 | 1,678,037 | Â | 1,678,037 | |||||
Model chi-square | 108713.4*** | 105033.2*** | Â | 88936.9*** | |||||
C-statistic (area under ROC curve) | 0.774 | 0.768 | Â | 0.748 | |||||
Nagelkerke R square | 0.163 | 0.158 | Â | 0.134 | |||||
 | AOR | CI-L | CI-U | AOR | CI-L | CI-U | AOR | CI-L | CI-U |
Age 65–74 | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |  | ||
Age 75–84 | 1.751 | 1.723 | 1.778 | 1.738 | 1.711 | 1.765 | |||
Age 85–89 | 2.830 | 2.774 | 2.887 | 2.802 | 2.747 | 2.859 | |||
Age 90–94 | 3.771 | 3.674 | 3.870 | 3.739 | 3.644 | 3.837 | |||
Age 95–99 | 4.812 | 4.579 | 5.056 | 4.760 | 4.531 | 5.000 | |||
Female | 1.339 | 1.321 | 1.358 | 1.384 | 1.365 | 1.403 | 1.402 | 1.383 | 1.421 |
Facility use for fracturec | 1.194 | 1.159 | 1.231 | 1.271 | 1.233 | 1.310 | 1.368 | 1.328 | 1.410 |
Anticholinergic | 1.073 | 1.055 | 1.092 | Â | |||||
Benzodiazepine | 1.053 | 1.035 | 1.071 | ||||||
Antidepressant (any type) | 1.336 | 1.314 | 1.358 | ||||||
Loop diuretic | 1.174 | 1.154 | 1.194 | ||||||
Antimuscarinic | 1.160 | 1.130 | 1.192 | ||||||
Antipsychotic, first-generation | 1.219 | 1.115 | 1.332 | ||||||
Neuropathic pain reliever | 1.092 | 1.070 | 1.115 | ||||||
Opioid pain reliever | 1.462 | 1.439 | 1.486 | ||||||
No FRD/PIM classes (NNH reference category) | Â | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||
1 FRD/PIM class | 1.021 | 0.998 | 1.044 | Â | |||||
2 FRD/PIM classes | 1.128 | 1.102 | 1.154 | ||||||
3 FRD/PIM classes | 1.243 | 1.213 | 1.273 | ||||||
4 FRD/PIM classes | 1.357 | 1.323 | 1.393 | ||||||
5 or more FRD/PIM classes | 1.579 | 1.540 | 1.619 | ||||||
NNH 200–333 |  | 0.850 | 0.829 | 0.871 | |||||
NNH 83–91 | 1.127 | 1.098 | 1.156 | ||||||
NNH 17–48 | 1.427 | 1.398 | 1.456 | ||||||
NNH < 15 | 1.983 | 1.934 | 2.032 |