Table 1 Descriptive overview with characteristic details for each variable by age-group and gender

Age

64.2

(58.6–69.9)

73.9

(68.6–79.3)

64.1

(58.4–69.7)

73.9

(68.4–79.3)

Weight

60.3

(37.7–82.9)

56.3

(34.4–78.2)

56.1

(33.5–78.8)

51.1

(29.5–72.8)

Height

162.2

(150.3–174.1)

160.3

(147.8–172.8)

151.4

(141.1–161.7)

149.5

(138.5–160.4)

% Education level

No education

4.4

7.9

12.2

20

Primary school

78.1

80.6

79.7

76.5

At least secondary school

17.5

11.5

8.1

3.5

% Region

Bangkok

11.2

16.5

11.2

10.1

North

19.7

19.3

18.6

20

Central

24.5

23.9

26

24.8

Northeast

32.7

27.1

32.9

31.3

South

11.9

13.1

11.3

13.8

% Cognitive impairment

- No

94.5

90.9

88.8

82.8

- Yes

5.5

9.1

11.2

17.2

% Diabetes

- No

86.4

85.7

80.8

82.9

- Yes

13.6

14.3

19.2

17.1

% Hypertension

2489

1565

2554

1652

- No

56.9

48.7

55

47.5

- Yes

43.1

51.3

45

52.5

Physical performances

HGS (kilograms)

31.5

(18.4–44.5)

26.5

(13.7–39.3)

21.0

(12.3–29.8)

18.3

(10.2–26.4)

UWS (m/s)

0.8

(0.4–1.2)

0.7

(0.3–1.1)

0.7

(0.4–1.0)

0.6

(0.3–1.0)

Overall function

4.5

(2.7–6.3)

3.8

(1.8–5.7)

4.0

(2.3–5.7)

3.4

(1.7–5.0)

% ADL disabilities

- No

98.8

96.3

98.6

97

- Yes

1.2

3.7

1.4

3

% IADL disabilities

- No

67.1

47.2

44

18.7

- Yes

32.9

52.8

56

81.3

% Upper-body limitations

- No

88.9

76.3

75.4

53.2

- Yes

11.1

23.7

24.6

46.8

% Lower-body limitations

- No

86.8

73.8

66

46

- Yes

13.2

26.2

34

54

% Higher functioning limitations

- No

92.1

79.7

77.4

57.4

- Yes

7.9

20.3

22.6

42.6