Table 4 Geographic variations in self-rated health (comparing binary and multinomial outcomes), WHO SAGE China Wave 1
Explanatory variables | Logistic AOR [95% CI] Moderate/good/very good (Ref) | Multinomial AOR [95% CI] Good/very good (Reference) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Poor/very poor (21.4%) vs Reference | Poor/very poor (21.4%) vs Reference | Moderate (44.6%) vs Reference | |
Rural-urban interaction effects | |||
Rural Shanghai (ref: urban) | 1.82 [1.31-2.52] | 1.81 [1.25-2.62] | 0.95 [0.75-1.20] |
Rural Zhejiang (ref: urban) | 1.71 [1.18-2.46] | 1.66 [1.08-2.55] | 0.98 [0.76-1.27] |
Rural Guangdong (ref: urban) | 0.78 [0.56-1.09] | 0.61 [0.41-0.92] | 0.44 [0.33-0.59] |
Rural Shandong (ref: urban) | 6.32 [4.53-8.82] | 7.23 [4.87-10.8] | 1.20 [0.95-1.53] |
Rural Jilin (ref: urban) | 2.71 [2.04-3.61] | 3.80 [2.65-5.45] | 1.49 [1.16-1.92] |
Rural Hubei (ref: urban) | 2.36 [1.82-3.07] | 2.78 [1.97-3.93] | 1.02 [0.76-1.37] |
Rural Shaanxi (ref: urban) | 1.55 [1.17-2.06] | 1.25 [0.66-1.39] | 0.62 [0.47-0.83] |
Rural Yunnan (ref: urban) | 0.97 [0.73-1.29] | 0.96 [1.25-2.63] | 0.90 [0.67-1.20] |
Sociodemographic attributes | |||
Age groups in year | |||
50-59 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
60-69 | 1.07 [0.94-1.23] | 1.10 [0.93-1.30] | 1.14 [1.01-1.28] |
70+ | 1.41 [1.22-1.63] | 1.76 [1.47-2.12] | 1.51 [1.32-1.73] |
Sex | |||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Female | 1.26 [1.10-1.45] | 1.23 [1.03-1.46] | 1.11 [0.98-1.25] |
Years of education | |||
<6 years | Reference | Reference | Reference |
≥6 years | 1.11 [0.98-1.26] | 1.05 [0.89-1.24] | 0.99 [0.88-1.12] |
Permanent income quintiles | |||
Quintile 1 (lowest) | 2.76 [2.18-3.49] | 4.48 [3.37-5.97] | 1.88 [1.55-2.29] |
Quintile 2 | 1.98 [1.58-2.49] | 2.51 [1.91-3.30] | 1.38 [1.15-1.65] |
Quintile 3 | 1.71 [1.37-2.14] | 2.11 [1.62-2.76] | 1.42 [1.17-1.69] |
Quintile 4 | 1.49 [1.20-1.86] | 1.68 [1.30-2.19] | 1.21 [1.04-1.42] |
Quintile 5 (highest) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Health covariates | |||
Health insurance | |||
Mandatory and/or voluntary | Reference | Reference | Reference |
No insurance | 1.22 [1.01-1.49] | 1.15 [0.88-1.50] | 0.93 [0.77-1.01] |
Body mass index | |||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.41 [1.12-1.82] | 1.36 [0.98-1.88] | 1.09 [0.84-1.42] |
Normal (18.5 to 23.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Overweight (23.5 to 25.0) | 0.92 [0.79-1.07] | 0.82 [0.68-0.99] | 0.90 [0.79-1.03] |
Obese (>25) | 0.68 [0.59-0.79] | 0.69 [0.58-0.82] | 0.89 [0.79-1.01] |
Number of chronic diseases | |||
0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
1 | 2.47 [2.16-2.83] | 3.78 [3.20-4.46] | 2.05 [1.83-2.31] |
2+ | 4.80 [4.13-5.58] | 12.7 [10.3-15.7] | 3.46 [2.96-4.06] |
Smoking | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.06 [0.89-1.24] | 0.92 [0.75-1.13] | 0.88 [0.77-1.01] |
Drinking | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 0.74 [0.61-0.89] | 0.62 [0.50-0.77] | 0.82 [0.70-0.94] |