Detecting pre-death grief in family caregivers of persons with dementia: measurement equivalence of the Mandarin-Chinese version of Marwit-Meuser caregiver grief inventory

Table 2 Score-difference between the language versions of MM-CGI subscales and MM-CGI-SF subscales

Subscales of MM-CGI and MM-CGI-SF	Mean scores (SD)		Equivalence margin (5%)^a	Equivalence margin (10%)^b	Difference between Chinese and English version (90% CI)
	Chinese	English	Equivalence margin (5%)^a	Equivalence margin (10%)^b	Unadjusted	Adjusted^c
MM-CGI
Personal Sacrifice Burden subscale	54.8 (12.9)	53.3 (14.5)	±3	±6	1.5 (−1.2 to 4.2)	1.0 (−1.8 to 3.8)
Heartfelt Sadness and Longing subscale	44.0 (8.8)	43.3 (11.9)	±2	±4	0.8 (− 1.4 to 2.9)	−0.5 (−2.7 to 1.8)
Worry and Felt Isolation subscale	45.3 (8.9)	43.9 (11.4)	±2	±4	1.4 (−0.6 to 3.5)	0.7 (−1.5 to 2.9)
MM-CGI-SF
Personal Sacrifice Burden subscale	18.7 (4.7)	18.2 (5.3)	±1	±2	0.4 (−0.5 to 1.4)	0.3 (− 0.7 to 1.4)
Heartfelt Sadness and Longing subscale	17.5 (3.6)	17.7 (4.8)	±1	±2	−0.2 (−1.1 to 0.6)	− 0.6 (− 1.5 to 0.3)
Worry and Felt Isolation subscale	15.7 (4.0)	15.6 (4.9)	±1	±2	0.2 (−0.7 to 1.1)	−0.2 (−1.1 to 0.8)

MM-CGI, Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory; MM-CGI-SF, Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval
^aThe pre-defined margins of equivalence represented approximately 5% of the reported average subscale scores from the original publications [16, 17]
^bThe pre-defined margins of equivalence represented approximately 10% of the reported average subscale scores from the original publications [16, 17]
^cThe adjusted models accounted for relationship with PWD, stage of dementia, and baseline variables which were significantly different between the two languages (caregiver’s age, ethnicity, education and role as primary caregiver)

ISSN: 1471-2318