Table 1 Characteristics of the participating women and men with and without diabetes
From: Frequent pain in older people with and without diabetes – Finnish community based study
Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No diabetes N = 329 | Diabetes N = 198 | P-value | No diabetes N = 275 | Diabetes N = 191 | P-value | |
Age, mean (SD) | 75 (7) | 77 (8) | 0.002 | 73 (5) | 74 (6) | 0.26 |
Living in a detached house, n (%) | 256 (78) | 144 (73) | 0.19 | 239 (87) | 152 (80) | 0.034 |
Living in the countryside, n (%) | 90 (28) | 54 (29) | 0.85 | 109 (40) | 70 (38) | 0.60 |
Living alone, n (%) | 132 (40) | 95 (48) | 0.078 | 60 (22) | 44 (23) | 0.76 |
Physical activity, Kasari-FIT Index, mean (SD) | 38 (22) | 26 (19) | < 0.001 | 43 (23) | 33 (23) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 16 (5) | 6 (3) | 0.31 | 45 (16) | 15 (8) | 0.007 |
Alcohol use, AUDIT-C, mean (SD) | 1.34 (1.45) | 0.92 (1.33) | < 0.001 | 2.92 (2.58) | 2.75 (2.35) | 0.49 |
Depressive symptoms, GDS-15, mean (SD) | 2.5 (2.8) | 3.8 (3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.6 (3.0) | 3.1 (3.0) | 0.13 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
High blood pressure | 180 (55) | 149 (75) | < 0.001 | 128 (47) | 129 (68) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 44 (13) | 47 (24) | 0.002 | 45 (16) | 40 (21) | 0.21 |
Cancer | 20 (6) | 10 (5) | 0.62 | 20 (7) | 13 (7) | 0.85 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 19 (6) | 9 (5) | 0.54 | 10 (4) | 6 (3) | 0.77 |
Osteoarthritis | 97 (29) | 73 (37) | 0.079 | 62 (23) | 50 (26) | 0.37 |
Chronic spine disease | 95 (29) | 55 (28) | 0.79 | 52 (19) | 44 (23) | 0.28 |
Asthma/COPD | 45 (14) | 34 (17) | 0.28 | 20 (7) | 22 (12) | 0.12 |
Mental illness | 40 (12) | 32 (16) | 0.20 | 22 (8) | 19 (10) | 0.46 |
Hypothyroidism | 71 (22) | 53 (27) | 0.17 | 17 (6) | 15 (8) | 0.48 |
Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.4) | 0.002 |
Any pain, n (%) | 236 (72) | 163 (82) | 0.006 | 193 (70) | 129 (68) | 0.054 |
Pain localization, n (%) | ||||||
Low back | 120 (36) | 83 (42) | 0.21 | 68 (25) | 52 (27) | 0.54 |
Shoulder | 71 (22) | 74 (34) | < 0.001 | 66 (24) | 49 (26) | 0.68 |
Knee | 98 (30) | 77 (39) | 0.032 | 60 (22) | 43 (23) | 0.86 |
Hip | 81 (25) | 64 (32) | 0.055 | 47 (17) | 37 (19) | 0.53 |
Other lower extremity | 77 (23) | 61 (31) | 0.061 | 44 (16) | 36 (19) | 0.42 |
Neck | 101 (31) | 54 (27) | 0.40 | 59 (21) | 42 (22) | 0.89 |
Other upper extremity | 22 (7) | 24 (12) | 0.032 | 15 (5) | 10 (5) | 0.92 |