From: Prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in Chinese patients with Parkinson disease
 | Total patients (N = 403) | Patients with depression (N = 45) | Patients without depression (N = 358) | P value | Patients with anxiety (N = 104) | Patients without anxiety (N = 299) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years‡ | 62.6 | 65.2 | 62.2 | 0.097 | 65.4 | 61.6 | 0.002 |
Men (%)* | 55.4 | 48.8 | 56.1 | 0.362 | 51.5 | 56.7 | 0.355 |
Currently having no partner (%)* | 5.3 | 14.3 | 5.2 | 0.096 | 9.4 | 5.1 | 0.485 |
Schooling year <9(%)* | 18.0 | 29.5 | 16.6 | 0.035 | 24.3 | 15.9 | 0.056 |
Regular exposure (%)* | 23.7 | 23.0 | 29.3 | 0.374 | 28.0 | 22.2 | 0.240 |
Vascular disease (%)* | 39.8 | 47.7 | 38.7 | 0.248 | 43.7 | 38.3 | 0.336 |
Autoimmune disease (%)* | 4.5 | 9.1 | 4.0 | 0.247 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.856 |
Stroke (%)* | 3.5 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 0.635 | 7.8 | 2.0 | 0.016 |
tumor (%)* | 1.5 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 0.0080 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.601 |
peptic ulcer (%)* | 3.5 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 0.208 | 8.7 | 1.7 | 0.002 |
Having smoking (%)* | 18.1 | 25.0 | 17.3 | 0.210 | 19.4 | 17.7 | 0.695 |
Having drinking (%)* | 13.1 | 15.9 | 12.7 | 0.558 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 0.868 |
Exercise (%)* | 53.0 | 39.5 | 54.7 | 0.060 | 44.1 | 56.2 | 0.036 |
Tea (%)* | 22.6 | 12.2 | 23.9 | 0.092 | 14.0 | 25.6 | 0.017 |
Coffee (%)* | 8.5 | 4.9 | 8.9 | 0.562 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 0.841 |
Age at onset‡ | 57.1 | 57.8 | 57.0 | 0.758 | 57.9 | 56.8 | 0.358 |
Duration‡ | 5.5 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 0.005* | 7.5 | 4.9 | < 0.001 |
H-Y stage‡ | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 | < 0.001 | 2.3 | 1.8 | < 0.001 |
Family history‡ | 16.5 | 12.2 | 17.0 | 0.429 | 11.9 | 18.1 | 0.145 |
MDS-UPDRS II‡ | 12.1 | 19.0 | 11.2 | < 0.001 | 17.4 | 10.2 | < 0.001 |
MDS-UPDRS III‡ | 27.9 | 38.1 | 26.6 | 0.001 | 37.2 | 24.6 | < 0.001 |
Dyskinesia (%)* | 5.5 | 13.3 | 4.5 | 0.034 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 0.008 |
Fluctuation (%)* | 19.6 | 31.1 | 18.2 | 0.039 | 32.7 | 15.1 | < 0.001 |
Fast progression (%)* | 50% | 42.2 | 51.5 | 0.238 | 48.1 | 51.4 | 0.566 |
FOG (%)* | 15.9 | 33.3 | 13.7 | 0.001* | 34.6 | 9.4 | < 0.001 |
MMSE‡ | 26.6 | 25.4 | 26.8 | 0.011 | 25.3 | 27.1 | < 0.001 |
PDSS‡ | 115.7 | 94.4 | 118.4 | < 0.001 | 100.7 | 120.9 | < 0.001 |
HARS/HAMD‡ | 9.5/7.1 | 20.4 | 8.0 | < 0.001 | 12.6 | 5.1 | < 0.001 |
BPI‡ | 13.0 | 25.4 | 11.4 | < 0.001 | 21.4 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
SS-16‡ | 7.1 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 0.074 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 0.015 |
RBD‡ | 17.8 | 23.5 | 17.0 | 0.019 | 24.0 | 15.7 | < 0.001 |
SCOPA-AUT‡ | 12.9 | 22.4 | 11.6 | < 0.001 | 21.2 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
FSS‡ | 32.2 | 44.0 | 30.6 | < 0.001 | 40.1 | 29.3 | < 0.001 |
ESS‡ | 7.3 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 0.075 | 9.1 | 6.7 | 0.001 |
SN echogenic areas‡ | 11.3 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 0.831 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 0.645 |