Table 1 Participant general characteristics
From: Prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in older hospitalised patients in Vietnam
Variables | All | Fried frailty phenotype | REFS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-frail (298) | Frail (163) | P | Non-frail (314) | Frail (147) | p | ||
Age, years | 76.2 ± 8.9 | 74.2 ± 8.5 | 79.8 ± 8.5 | <0.001 | 74.7 ± 8.6 | 79.3 ± 8.7 | <0.001 |
Female | 262 (56.8%) | 165 (55.4%) | 97 (59.5%) | 0.39 | 166 (52.9%) | 96 (65.3%) | 0.01 |
Level of education | |||||||
 Not finished high school | 286 (62.0%) | 169 (56.7%) | 117 (71.8%) | 0.001 | 173 (55.1%) | 113 (76.9%) | <0.001 |
 Finished high school | 88 (19.1%) | 70 (23.5%) | 18 (11.0%) | 73 (23.2%) | 15 (10.2%) | ||
 Finished university | 44 (9.5%) | 34 (11.4%) | 10 (6.1%) | 38 (12.1%) | 6 (4.1%) | ||
 Higher education | 43 (9.3%) | 25 (8.4%) | 18 (11.0%) | 30 (9.6%) | 13 (8.8%) | ||
Living alone | 9 (2.0%) | 6 (2.0%) | 3 (1.8%) | 0.90 | 3 (1.0%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.02 |
Poor reported nutritional status | 39 (8.5%) | 14 (4.7%) | 25 (15.3%) | <0.001 | 12 (3.8%) | 27 (18.4%) | <0.001 |
BMI | |||||||
 Underweight | 114 (24.7%) | 64 (21.5%) | 50 (30.7%) | 0.02 | 69 (22.1%) | 45 (30.6%) | 0.03 |
 Normal | 222 (48.2%) | 146 (49.0%) | 76 (46.6%) | 156 (50.0%) | 66 (44.2%) | ||
 Overweight | 104 (22.6%) | 69 (23.2%) | 35 (21.5%) | 68 (21.8%) | 35 (23.8%) | ||
 Obese | 21 (4.6%) | 19 (6.4%) | 2 (1.2%) | 19 (6.1%) | 2 (1.4%) | ||
Comorbidities | |||||||
 Hypertension | 288 (62.5%) | 186 (62.4%) | 102 (62.6%) | 0.97 | 201 (64.0%) | 87 (59.2%) | 0.32 |
 Renal impairment (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 240 (52.1%) | 133 (62.4%) | 107 (85.6%) | <0.001 | 156 (66.4%) | 82 (81.2%) | 0.01 |
 Stroke | 186 (40.3%) | 111 (37.2%) | 75 (46.0%) | 0.07 | 130 (41.4%) | 56 (38.1%) | 0.50 |
 Osteoarthritis | 115 (24.9%) | 67 (22.5%) | 48 (29.4%) | 0.09 | 75 (23.9%) | 40 (27.2%) | 0.24 |
 Anaemia | 115 (24.9%) | 65 (29.3%) | 50 (38.5%) | 0.08 | 71 (29.0%) | 44 (41.1%) | 0.02 |
 Diabetes | 110 (23.9%) | 69 (23.2%) | 41 (25.2%) | 0.63 | 72 (22.9%) | 38 (25.9%) | 0.49 |
 Chronic pulmonary diseases | 57 (12.4%) | 34 (11.4%) | 23 (14.1%) | 0.41 | 38 (12.1%) | 19 (13.0%) | 0.78 |
 Peripheral vascular disease/ aortic atherosclerosis | 32 (6.9%) | 20 (6.7%) | 12 (7.4%) | 0.80 | 26 (8.3%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.10 |
 Ischemic heart disease | 29 (6.3%) | 18 (6.1%) | 11 (6.7%) | 0.77 | 20 (6.4%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0.91 |
 Heart failure | 29 (6.3%) | 13 (4.4%) | 16 (9.8%) | 0.02 | 19 (6.1%) | 10 (6.8%) | 0.76 |
 Cancer | 16 (3.5%) | 8 (2.7%) | 8 (4.9%) | 0.21 | 9 (2.9%) | 7 (4.8%) | 0.30 |