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Table 4 Factors associated with potentially inappropriate medications, and 3+ concomitant psychotropic medications according to NORGEP-NH Single Substance and Combination Criteriaa

From: Potentially inappropriate medication use in nursing homes: an observational study using the NORGEP-NH criteria

 

PIMs according to NORGEP-NH Criteria 1–26

3+ concomitant psychotropic drugs

Variable

No. of residents n (valid cases, %)

Bivariate analyses OR (95% C.I.)

p

Multivariate analyses OR (95% C.I.)

p

Bivariate analyses OR (95% C.I.)

p

Multivariate analyses OR (95% C.I.)

p

Ageb n = 881

881

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.34

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.17

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.59

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.18

Gender: n = 881 Male

277 (31.4)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

Female

604 (68.6)

1.38 (1.02–1.86)

0.03*

1.60 (1.14–2.24)

<0.01*

1.72 (1.09–2.71)

0.02*

1.79 (1.06–3.01)

0.03*

Barthelc n = 807 0–5

314 (35.6)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

6–10

259 (29.4)

1.28 (0.91–1.80)

0.16

1.36 (0.95–1.94)

0.09

1.26 (0.75–2.10)

0.38

1.41 (0.83–2.42)

0.21

11–20

234 (26.6)

1.30 (0.91–1.85)

0.15

1.32 (0.91–1.92)

0.15

1.83 (1.11–3.04)

0.02*

2.16 (1.25–3.73)

0.01*

Falls: n = 830 No

663 (75.3)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

Yes

167 (19.0)

1.09 (0.77–1.54)

0.47

1.10 (0.76–1.36)

0.60

1.84 (1.16–2.91)

<0.01*

1.70 (1.03–2.80)

0.04*

Deliriumd: n = 877 No

807 (91.6)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

Yes

70 (7.9)

0.93 (0.56–1.55)

0.78

0.95 (0.51–1.76)

0.88

1.22 (0.62–2.42)

0.57

1.21 (0.52–2.83)

0.66

Deathe: n = 897 No

782 (88.8)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

Yes

97 (11.0)

0.75 (0.48–1.17)

0.21

0.80 (0.47–1.36)

0.41

0.97 (0.52–1.78)

0.91

1.67 (0.82–3.38)

0.16

Ward: n = 837 Rehabilitation

58 (6.6)

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

Short-time

158 (17.9)

0.74 (0.30–1.39)

0.44

0.87 (0.39–1.94)

0.73

2.30 (0.54–9.87)

0.26

2.75 (0.60–12.60)

0.19

Long-time

364 (41.3)

1.25 (0.52–2.35)

0.57

1.61 (0.72–3.62)

0.25

5.08 (1.27–20.23)

0.02*

7.48 (1.74–32.08)

<0.01*

Short−/longtime

100 (11.4)

1.56 (0.59–3.17)

0.31

2.12 (0.86–5.26)

0.10

5.92 (1.34–26.27)

0.02*

7.20 (1.51–34.36)

0.01*

Dementia

114 (12.9)

1.11 (0.41–2.16)

0.80

1.19 (0.50–2.83)

0.70

7.24 (1.68–31.27)

<0.01*

7.70 (1.68–35.32)

<0.01*

Palliative

46 (5.2)

1.51 (0.56–3.61)

0.38

1.98 (0.73–5.40)

0.18

1.88 (0.30–11.71)

0.50

2.04 (0.30–13.99)

0.47

  1. aBivariate and multivariate mixed effects regression analyses stratified on the nursing home level. bContinuous variable. cNo. of residents in each tertile. dIn the course of the infection. eWithin 30 days of study inclusion
  2. *significant at p<0.05
  3. Regression model including all nursing home residents
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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