Table 2 Characteristics of the study population and persons being physically, psychologically, cognitively, and socially frail
From: A four-domain approach of frailty explored in the Doetinchem Cohort Study
| Â | Study population (NÂ =Â 4019) | Physically frail (NÂ =Â 110; 2.7%) | Psychologically frail (NÂ =Â 252;Â 6.3%) | Cognitively frail (NÂ =Â 311; 7.7%) | Socially frail (NÂ =Â 166; 4.1%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | |||||
Women | 2118 (52.7%) | 70 (63.6%) | 173 (68.7%) | 97 (31.2%) | 81 (48.8%) |
Age, yr | 59.9 (SD 9.6) | 68.7 (SD 9.1) | 59.3 (SD 9.9) | 68.8 (SD 8.0) | 63.0 (SD 10.4) |
Level of education | |||||
 Low | 1657 (41.2%) | 76 (69.1%) | 142 (56.3%) | 154 (49.5%) | 94 (56.6%) |
 Intermediate | 1320 (32.9%) | 14 (12.7%) | 67 (26.6%) | 85 (27.3%) | 47 (28.3%) |
 High | 1042 (25.9%) | 20 (18.2%) | 43 (17.1%) | 72 (23.2%) | 25 (15.1%) |
Married | 3211 (80.3%) | 63 (57.3%) | 151 (60.4%) | 232 (75.3%) | 108 (65.1%) |
Living alone | 555 (13.9%) | 38 (34.6%) | 63 (25.2%) | 68 (22.2%) | 43 (25.9%) |
Paid job | 2024 (50.5%) | 7 (6.4%) | 113 (44.8%) | 52 (16.8%) | 59 (35.8%) |
Lifestyle | |||||
Current smoking | 682 (17.1%) | 30 (27.8%) | 77 (30.7%) | 51 (16.6%) | 34 (20.7%) |
Healthy diet, score (0–7) | 2.9 (SD 1.2) | 2.6 (SD 1.1) | 2.9 (SD 1.1) | 2.8 (SD 1.2) | 2.9 (SD 1.2) |
Physically active | 3112 (77.5%) | 46 (41.8%) | 170 (67.5%) | 212 (68.4%) | 108 (65.1%) |
Sleep duration | |||||
 ≤5 h | 163 (4.1%) | 12 (11.0%) | 29 (11.5%) | 15 (4.9%) | 17 (10.3%) |
 6 h | 703 (17.6%) | 24 (22.0%) | 71 (28.3%) | 52 (16.8%) | 36 (21.7%) |
 7 or 8 h | 2880 (72.2%) | 56 (51.4%) | 127 (50.6%) | 208 (67.3%) | 95 (57.2%) |
 ≥9 h | 245 (6.1%) | 17 (15.6%) | 24 (9.6%) | 34 (11.0%) | 18 (10.8%) |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
 Never | 399 (10.0%) | 28 (25.5%) | 40 (15.9%) | 39 (12.6%) | 21 (12.7%) |
 Not anymore | 124 (3.1%) | 11 (10.0%) | 16 (6.3%) | 15 (4.8%) | 9 (5.5%) |
 Low (<1 glass/wk) | 849 (21.2%) | 23 (20.9%) | 61 (24.2%) | 54 (17.4%) | 39 (23.6%) |
 Frequent (≥1 glasses/wk) | 2630 (65.7%) | 48 (43.6%) | 135 (53.6%) | 202 (65.2%) | 96 (58.2%) |
Life events | |||||
Widowed | 74 (2.0%) | 4 (4.0%) | 12 (5.3%) | 7 (2.5%) | 4 (2.6%) |
Divorced | 66 (1.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 10 (4.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (4.6%) |
Biological risk factors and chronic disease | |||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 (SD 4.2) | 30.0 (SD 6.9) | 27.4 (SD 5.0) | 28.1 (SD 4.4) | 27.1 (SD 4.7) |
Multimorbiditya | 320 (8.0%) | 43 (39.1%) | 40 (15.9%) | 61 (19.6%) | 26 (15.7%) |
Frailty | |||||
Physically frail | 110 (2.7%) | - | 34 (13.5%) | 26 (8.4%) | 19 (11.5%) |
Psychologically frail | 252 (6.3%) | 34 (31.2%) | - | 31 (10.0%) | 52 (31.3%) |
Cognitively frail | 311 (7.7%) | 26 (23.6%) | 31 (12.3%) | - | 20 (12.0%) |
Socially frail | 166 (4.1%) | 19 (17.3%) | 52 (20.6%) | 20 (6.5%) | - |