Table 1 Overview of the criteria used to operationalize physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty
From: A four-domain approach of frailty explored in the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Domains | Criteria | Cut-off | Based on |
|---|---|---|---|
Physical frailty | - Unintentional weight loss - Exhaustion - Low handgrip strength - Perceived health - Limited in walking - Disturbed balance - Hearing impairment - Vision impairment | ≥4 criteria | - Unintentional weight loss: >5% weight loss between round 4 and 5 and not being on a diet - Exhaustion: 2 questions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) [23] - Handgrip strength: dynamometer, sex-specific cut-off stratified for BMI [1] - Perceived health: one question of 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) [24, 62] - Self-reported 100 m walking - Tandem Stand Balance Test - 3 questions regarding hearing - 3 questions regarding vision |
Cognitive frailty | - Low global cognitive functioning | <10th percentile | Global cognitive functioning score based on tests for memory, speed and flexibility [63]:  15 Words Verbal Learning Test  Stroop Colour–Word Test  Word Fluency Test  Letter Digit Substitution Test |
Psychological frailty | - Depressive symptoms - Mental health | =2 criteria | - Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) [23] |
Social frailty | - Loneliness - Low social support - Limited social participation | ≥2 criteria | - Social Support List-12 (SSL-12) [26] - Questionnaire Dutch Elderly Monitor [27] |