Item Class | Criteria for defining graded item as a hazard | Rooms where item graded | # of rooms with item | Three-way comparison | Expert vs Non-Expert Rater 1 | Expert vs Non-Expert Rater 2 | Non-Expert Rater 1 vs. Non-Expert Rater 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KA value (95% CI) | KA value (95% CI) | KA value (95% CI) | KA value (95% CI) | ||||
Handrails | Accepted (KA >0.40) | ||||||
Number of handrails | E, S | 2 | 0.89 (0.75–0.97) | 0.91 (0.00–0.91) | 0.82 (0.00–0.91) | 0.92 (0.00–0.92) | |
Handrail perimeter <4 inches or >6.25 inches | E, S | 2 | 0.77 (0.57–0.92) | 0.78 (0.00–0.89) | 0.86 (0.00–0.86) | 0.64 (0.00–0.88) | |
Loose handrails | E, S | 2 | 0.75 (0.37–0.94) | 0.84 (0.00–0.84) | 0.62 (0.00–0.81) | 0.78 (0.00–0.78) | |
Portion of stairs without handrail | E, S | 2 | 0.64 (0.46–0.79) | 0.66 (0.32–0.92) | 0.77 (0.00–0.92) | 0.52 (0.13–0.90) | |
No grab bars in tub/shower | BA | 1 | 0.58 (0.37–0.79) | 0.44 (0.00–0.78) | 0.90 (0.00–0.90) | 0.36 (−0.07–0.79) | |
No grab bars at toilet | BA | 1 | 0.49 (0.16–0.81) | 0.46 (−0.35–0.73) | 0.49 (−0.01–0.83) | 0.49 (−0.01–0.83) | |
Rejected (KA ≤ 0.40) | |||||||
No grab bars at sink | BA | 1 | 0.09 (−0.46–0.55) | −0.03 (−1.00–0.49) | 0.33 (−0.56–0.78) | −0.11 (−1.00–0.55) | |
Height of handrail <34 inches or >38 inches | E, S | 2 | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | |
No contrast between handrails and walls | S | 1 | −0.05 (−0.93–0.65) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | −0.04 (−1.00–0.48) | −0.09 (−1.00–0.64) | |
Floor | Accepted (KA >0.40) | ||||||
Cracked external steps | E | 1 | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | |
Height of front step riser <4 inches or >7.75 inches | E | 1 | 0.87 (0.00–0.94) | 0.81 (0.00–0.81) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.81 (0.00–0.81) | |
Width of stairway <36 inches | E, S | 2 | 0.81 (0.69–0.93) | 0.85 (0.00–0.93) | 0.85 (0.00–0.93) | 0.70 (0.32–0.93) | |
Width of hallway <36 inches | H | 1 | 0.79 (0.61–0.93) | 0.68 (0.00–0.89) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.68 (0.00–0.89) | |
Sloping external steps | E | 1 | 0.78 (0.00–0.89) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.64 (−0.09–0.64) | 0.64 (−0.09–0.64) | |
Width of doorway <32 inches or >48 inches | E | 1 | 0.78 (0.60–0.93) | 0.68 (0.00–0.89) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.68 (0.00–0.89) | |
Frayed/torn/folded carpeting | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.76 (0.56–0.92) | 0.71 (0.00–0.85) | 0.71 (0.00–0.85) | 0.76 (0.00–0.88) | |
Height of door threshold >0.5 inches | BA, BR, D, E, H, K, L | 7 | 0.73 (0.59–0.86) | 0.82 (0.63–0.96) | 0.73 (0.52–0.90) | 0.77 (0.58–0.92) | |
Loose external steps | E | 1 | 0.73 (0.00–0.87) | 0.64 (−0.08–0.64) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.64 (−0.09–0.64) | |
Landing more narrow than doorway | E | 1 | 0.72 (0.00–0.86) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.63 (−0.12–0.63) | 0.63 (−0.12–0.63) | |
Unsecured rugs; rugs with curling edges | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.68 (0.53–0.82) | 0.89 (0.00–0.95) | 0.64 (0.39–0.85) | 0.58 (0.31–0.84) | |
Glossy or shiny finish | BA, BR, D, H, K, L, S | 7 | 0.65 (0.37–0.86) | 0.78 (0.61–0.92) | 0.48 (0.15–0.77) | 0.66 (0.38–0.89) | |
Smooth finish (no traction) | E, S | 2 | 0.65 (0.36–0.88) | 0.67 (0.00–0.84) | 0.40 (−0.20–0.80) | 0.76 (0.00–0.76) | |
Sloped ground on public sidewalk | E | 1 | 0.62 (0.38–0.86) | 0.60 (0.00–0.87) | 0.67 (0.00–0.84) | 0.58 (0.00–0.86) | |
Floor covered with objects/cluttered (>50% clutter) | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.60 (0.00–0.86) | 0.79 (0.00–0.88) | 0.56 (0.00–0.84) | 0.42 (−0.14–0.87) | |
Height of stair riser <4 inches or >7.75 inches | E, S | 2 | 0.60 (0.40–0.78) | 0.56 (0.26–0.85) | 0.67 (0.35–0.92) | 0.61 (0.30–0.84) | |
No contrast between door threshold and floor | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.60 (0.43–0.76) | 0.70 (0.46–0.90) | 0.56 (0.30–0.78) | 0.61 (0.40–0.83) | |
Depth of stair treads <10 inches | E, S | 2 | 0.57 (0.38–0.76) | 0.45 (0.14–0.77) | 0.53 (0.22–0.84) | 0.72 (0.00–0.91) | |
No contrast between floors and fixtures | E, S | 2 | 0.55 (0.33–0.78) | 0.43 (−0.03–0.77) | 0.46 (0.04–0.79) | 0.73 (0.00–0.87) | |
Landing only on one side of doorway | E | 1 | 0.54 (0.00–0.89) | 0.63 (−0.111–0.63) | 0.63 (−0.12–0.63) | 0.63 (−0.12–0.63) | |
No non-skid rug/mat outside bathtub/shower | BA | 1 | 0.53 (0.23–0.82) | 0.45 (−0.37–0.73) | 0.70 (0.00–0.85) | 0.32 (−0.36–0.77) | |
Landing <36 inches | E | 1 | 0.52 (0.21–0.76) | 0.65 (0.00–0.83) | 0.42 (−0.15–0.81) | 0.62 (0.00–0.81) | |
No bathmat/non-skid strips in bathtub/shower | BA | 1 | 0.45 (0.18–0.69) | 0.53 (0.05–0.88) | 0.54 (0.07–0.88) | 0.21 (−0.32–0.74) | |
Uneven dirt path on public sidewalk | E | 1 | 0.41 (0.04–0.78) | 0.45 (−0.38–0.72) | 0.30 (−0.39–0.77) | 0.46 (−0.08–0.82) | |
Rejected (KA ≤ 0.40) | |||||||
Stair nosing >1.5 inches | E | 1 | 0.48 (−0.29–0.74) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | |
Cracked pavement on private path | E | 1 | 0.46 (0.12–0.80) | 0.18 (−0.43–0.80) | 0.79 (0.00–0.79) | 0.44 (−0.41–0.72) | |
Sloped ground on private path | E | 1 | 0.46 (0.13–0.80) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.13 (−0.53–0.78) | 0.19 (−0.41–0.80) | |
Papers/books/towels/shoes/magazines/boxes/blankets/other objects in pathway | BA, BR, D, H, K, L, S | 7 | 0.40 (0.09–0.67) | 0.63 (0.31–0.88) | 0.26 (−0.03–0.54) | 0.39 (0.09–0.64) | |
Broken tiles | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.38 (−0.16–0.87) | −0.01 (−1.00–0.49) | 0.48 (−0.31–0.74) | −0.02 (−1.00–0.49) | |
Exterior door swings over step with no landing | E | 1 | 0.38 (0.01–0.69) | 0.59 (−0.02–0.80) | 0.11 (−0.59–0.65) | 0.58 (−0.04–0.79) | |
No contrast between stair treads and risers | E, S | 2 | 0.37 (−0.16–0.79) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | −0.02 (−1.00–0.49) | 0.47 (−0.33–0.74) | |
Uneven dirt path on private path | E | 1 | 0.34 (−0.21–0.78) | −0.04 (−1.00–0.48) | −0.12 (−1.00–0.63) | 0.77 (0.00–0.77) | |
Cracked pavement on public sidewalk | E | 1 | 0.32 (−0.08–0.66) | 0.21 (−0.60–0.80) | 0.45 (−0.10–0.82) | 0.44 (−0.41–0.72) | |
Loose bricks or paver stones on public sidewalk | E | 1 | 0.30 (−0.40–0.83) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | 0.64 (−0.08–0.64) | −0.04 (−1.00–0.48) | |
Loose electrical/phone cords on floor | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.28 (−0.22–0.72) | −0.02 (−0.97–0.75) | 0.50 (0.07–0.85) | 0.09 (−0.49–0.59) | |
No contrast between floors and furniture/obstacles | BR, D, K, L | 4 | 0.19 (−0.13–0.45) | 0.18 (−0.13–0.48) | 0.36 (0.04–0.68) | −0.14 (−0.61–0.33) | |
No contrast between stair treads | E, S | 2 | 0.16 (−0.47–0.69) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | −0.06 (−1.00–0.74) | 0.35 (−0.51–0.78) | |
Walkway narrowed by obstacles/furniture | BA, BR, D, K, L | 5 | 0.15 (−0.64–0.82) | 0.38 (−0.44–0.79) | −0.02 (−1.00–0.66) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | |
Blankets/sheets on floor | BR | 1 | 0.09 (−0.46–0.54) | 0.33 (−0.35–0.78) | −0.09 (−1.00–0.73) | −0.06 (−1.00–0.65) | |
Slippery floor (no traction with soled shoes) | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.01 (−0.37–0.34) | 0.08 (−0.22–0.37) | −0.18 (−0.60–0.20) | 0.11 (−0.46–0.64) | |
Carpet runners with curling edges | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.00 (−0.67–0.50) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | −0.29 (−1.00–0.57) | |
Interior door swings over step with no landing | E | 1 | 0.00 (−1.00–0.50) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | 0.00 (−1.00–0.00) | 0.00 (N/A) | |
Loose/torn coverings on treads | S | 1 | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | |
Depth of front step tread <10 inches | E | 1 | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | |
Loose bricks or paver stones on private path | E | 1 | −0.02 (−1.00–0.74) | 0.00 (N/A) | −0.06 (−1.00–0.47) | −0.04 (−1.00–0.48) | |
Lighting | Accepted (KA >0.40) | ||||||
Broken light fixture/missing bulbs | E, S | 2 | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | |
Missing light fixture | E, S | 2 | 0.78 (0.61–0.92) | 0.85 (0.00–0.92) | 0.76 (0.00–0.88) | 0.71 (0.00–0.90) | |
Exposed light bulbs | BA, BR, D, H, K, L, S | 7 | 0.76 (0.62–0.88) | 0.77 (0.64–0.88) | 0.74 (0.60–0.86) | 0.75 (0.62–0.88) | |
Shadows on stairway | E, S | 2 | 0.76 (0.61–0.88) | 0.72 (0.37–0.93) | 0.85 (0.00–0.92) | 0.70 (0.32–0.92) | |
Ambient light <300 lux | BA, BR, D, E, H, K, L, S | 8 | 0.67 (0.46–0.87) | 0.58 (0.36–0.80) | 0.63 (0.41–0.82) | 0.83 (0.68–0.97) | |
Less than two light switches | S | 1 | 0.66 (0.24–0.92) | 1.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.43 (−0.42–0.72) | 0.43 (−0.42–0.72) | |
Switch required to turn on exterior light | E | 1 | 0.66 (0.45–0.87) | 0.87 (0.00–0.87) | 0.48 (−0.03–0.87) | 0.62 (0.00–0.87) | |
Windows without sheer coverings | BA, BR, D, H, K, L, S | 7 | 0.53 (0.36–0.68) | 0.41 (0.24–0.58) | 0.65 (0.48–0.79) | 0.49 (0.32–0.64) | |
Light switches only accessible from fully inside room | BA, BR, D, H, K, L | 6 | 0.52 (0.32–0.70) | 0.52 (0.32–0.71) | 0.53 (0.31–0.71) | 0.51 (0.30–0.71) | |
No light source in bathtub/shower with curtains closed | BA | 1 | 0.41 (0.18–0.64) | 0 .39 (−0.02–0.80) | 0.51 (0.12–0.81) | 0.32 (−0.08–0.71) | |
Rejected (KA ≤ 0.40) | |||||||
No nightlight/flashlight near bed or for nighttime bathroom use | BR | 1 | 0.29 (0.09–0.50) | 0.38 (0.03–0.72) | 0.22 (−0.12–0.55) | 0.21 (−0.11–0.52) | |
No light on path from bedroom to bathroom | BR | 1 | 0.12 (−0.19–0.43) | 0.33 (−0.35–0.78) | −0.28 (−0.84–0.29) | 0.14 (−0.29–0.57) | |
Furniture | Accepted (KA >0.40) | ||||||
Seats without arm rests | BR, D, K, L | 4 | 0.63 (0.48–0.78) | 0.75 (0.57–0.89) | 0.55 (0.33–0.78) | 0.60 (0.39–0.82) | |
Glossy/shiny finish of countertop | K | 1 | 0.50 (0.24–0.71) | 0.48 (0.06–0.79) | 0.48 (0.06–0.79) | 0.54 (0.07–0.88) | |
Unstable furniture | BR, D, K, L | 4 | 0.41 (0.15–0.64) | 0.51 (0.22–0.76) | 0.48 (0.19–0.72) | 0.16 (−0.26–0.52) | |
Other | Accepted (KA >0.40) | ||||||
No handle on step stool | BR, K | 2 | 0.67 (0.47–0.83) | 0.91 (0.00–0.91) | 0.51 (0.00–0.84) | 0.40 (−0.20–0.85) | |
Inability to reach microwave with both feet on floor | K | 1 | 0.57 (0.03–0.89) | 0.65 (−0.06–0.65) | 0.46 (−0.36–0.73) | 0.65 (−0.06–0.65) | |
Rejected (KA ≤ 0.40) | |||||||
Step stool required to get onto bed | BR | 1 | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | 0.00 (N/A) | |
Inability to reach closet items or daily kitchen items with both feet on floor | BR, K | 2 | −0.06 (−0.69–0.47) | −0.04 (−1.00–0.74) | −0.06 (−0.90–0.79) | −0.07 (−0.96–0.64) | |
Total number of possible hazards per home | 185 | ||||||
Accepted | 119 | ||||||
Rejected | 66 |