Table 2 Participant characteristics

Age, years

82.9 ± 6.5

83.9 ± 5.5

83.3 ± 8.0

0.877^a

Height, m

168.6 ± 9.6, n=21

166.8 ± 10.8, n=22

166.2 ± 8.3

0.691^a

Body mass, kg

72.3 ± 14.7, n=21

71.4 ± 12.7

68.7 ± 16.7

0.695^a

Gender, n male (%)

8 (33.3)

9 (39.1)

2 (8.7)

0.047 ^b

Comorbidities

n=23

 Cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, n (%)

21 (91.3)

19 (82.6)

19 (82.6)

0.755^b

 Gastrointestinal disorders, n (%)

2 (8.7)

4 (17.4)

5 (21.7)

0.598^b

 Urogenital disorders, n (%)

6 (26.1)

3 (13.0)

0 (0.0)

0.034 ^b

 Musculoskeletal disorders, n (%)

9 (39.1)

5 (21.7)

5 (21.7)

0.353^b

 Neurological disorders, n (%)

5 (21.7)

6 (26.1)

4 (17.4)

0.933^b

 Psychiatric disorders, n (%)

1 (4.3)

2 (8.7)

3 (13.0)

0.865^b

 Endocrine disorders, n (%)

6 (26.1)

8 (34.8)

11 (47.8)

0.346^b

 Other, n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.3)

0 (0.0)

1.000^b

Medication use

n=23

 Vitamine D, n (%)

6 (26.1)

5 (21.7)

9 (39.1)

0.503^b

 Antidepressants, n (%)

2 (8.7)

3 (13.0)

4 (17.4)

0.902^b

 Benzodiazepines, n (%)

3 (13.0)

3 (13.0)

3 (13.0)

1.000^b

 Antihypertensives, n (%)

17 (73.9)

15 (65.2)

16 (69.6)

0.945^b

 Analgesics: None/Non-opioids/Opioids, n (%)

1 (4.3)/16 (69.6)/6 (26.1)

1 (4.3)/15 (65.2)/7 (30.4)

0 (0.0)/19 (82.6)/4 (17.4)

0.754^c

Type of fracture

0.814^b

 Cervical, n (%)

11 (45.8)

11 (47.8)

8 (34.8)

 Trochanteric, n (%)

12 (50.0)

12 (52.2)

14 (60.9)

 Subtrochanteric, n (%)

1 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.3)

Time since fracture, days^†

13 (7–65)

13 (6–63)

14 (7–79)

0.924^c

0.610^b

 None, n (%)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (8.7)

 Total hip replacement, n (%)

1 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.3)

 Hemiarthroplasty, n (%)

8 (33.3)

10 (43.5)

6 (26.1)

 Intramedullary nail, n (%)

11 (45.8)

10 (43.5)

9 (39.1)

 Dynamic hip screw, n (%)

4 (16.7)

2 (8.7)

5 (21.7)

 Other, n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.3)

0 (0.0)

Functional ambulation category, FAC [0–5]^†

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

5.0 (2.0–5.0)

1.000^c

Living situation, n living independent (%)

21 (87.5)

16 (70.0)

18 (78.3)

0.312^b

 Indoors, n (%)

5 (20.8)

5 (21.7)

6 (26.1)

0.939^b

 Outdoors, n (%)

14 (58.3)

12 (52.2)

12 (52.2)

0.911^b

Tolerated walking distance, n >1000 m (%)

8 (33.3)

9 (39.1)

14 (60.9)

0.138 ^b

Functional Ambulation Category, FAC [0–5]^†

2.0 (2.0–4.0), n=23

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.200^c

Performance oriented mobility assessment, POMA [0–28]

15.6 ± 2.8

15.5 ± 3.6

15.6 ± 4.1

0.994^a

Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE [0–30]^†

25.0 (19.0–30.0), n=23

26.0 (22.0–30.0)

27.0 (22.0–29.0)

0.342^c