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Table 1 Sociodemographics and health characteristics as a function of caregiver status

From: Impact of caring for persons with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia on caregivers’ health outcomes: findings from a community based survey in Japan

 

Non-caregivers (n = 53758)

Caregivers (n = 1302)

Total (n = 55060)

Mean/%

SD/n

Mean/%

SD/n

Mean/%

SD/n

Age of the respondent: mean

47.53

15.66

52.63*

13.89

47.65

15.64

Age: category

18–29

17.1 %

9191

11.2 %

146*

17.0 %

9337

30–39

18.7 %

10045

8.8 %

114*

18.5 %

10159

40–49

17.9 %

9635

10.8 %

140*

17.8 %

9775

50–64

25.6 %

13765

46.2 %

602*

26.1 %

14367

≥65

20.7 %

11122

23.0 %

300*

20.7 %

11422

Gender

Female

49.2 %

26425

53.0 %

690*

49.2 %

27115

Male

50.8 %

27333

47.0 %

612*

50.8 %

27945

BMI category

Underweight

11.0 %

5910

9.8 %

128

11.0 %

6038

Normal weight

67.9 %

36486

68.7 %

894

67.9 %

37380

Overweight

14.7 %

7909

16.4 %

214

14.8 %

8123

Obese

2.7 %

1433

3.1 %

41

2.7 %

1474

Unknown

3.8 %

2020

1.9 %

25*

3.7 %

2045

Exercise frequency (20+ minutes) in past month

0–11 times

83.6 %

44933

80.6 %

1050*

83.5 %

45983

≥12 times

16.4 %

8825

19.4 %

252*

16.5 %

9077

Alcohol use per week

≤ once

61.6 %

33131

54.6 %

711*

61.5 %

33842

≥2–3 times

38.4 %

20627

45.4 %

591*

38.5 %

21218

Smoke cigarettes

No

79.7 %

42842

74.9 %

975*

79.6 %

43817

Yes

20.3 %

10916

25.1 %

327*

20.4 %

11243

Marital status

Single

30.2 %

16252

22.9 %

298*

30.1 %

16550

Married/living with partner

62.4 %

33519

68.2 %

888*

62.5 %

34407

Divorced/separated/widowed > 1 year

7.0 %

3777

8.2 %

107

7.1 %

3884

Divorced/separated/widowed ≤ 1 year

0.4 %

210

0.7 %

9

0.4 %

219

CCI: mean score

0.136

0.47

0.369*

1.67

0.14

0.53

CCI: category

0

89.3 %

48022

80.8 %

1052*

89.1 %

49074

1

8.5 %

4556

13.5 %

176*

8.6 %

4732

2

1.7 %

906

3.1 %

40*

1.7 %

946

>3

0.5 %

274

2.6 %

34*

0.6 %

308

Health insurance

None of the above

3.2 %

1731

1.5 %

19*

3.2 %

1750

National/Social/Late Stage Elderly

96.8 %

52027

98.5 %

1283*

96.8 %

53310

Types of current medical insurance

National Health Insurance

44.9 %

24142

50.1 %

652*

45.0 %

24794

Social Insurance

48.7 %

26207

45.9 %

598*

48.7 %

26805

Late Stage Elderly Insurance

1.5 %

780

1.1 %

14

1.4 %

794

Other

1.7 %

898

1.5 %

19

1.7 %

917

None of the above

3.2 %

1731

1.5 %

19*

3.2 %

1750

Education: college or above

High school or lower

36.6 %

19651

33.3 %

433*

36.5 %

20084

College or above

63.4 %

34107

66.7 %

869*

63.5 %

34976

Highest level of education completed or highest degree received

Elementary School

0.2 %

121

0.3 %

4

0.2 %

125

Junior High School

2.5 %

1346

2.0 %

26

2.5 %

1372

High School

33.8 %

18184

31.0 %

403*

33.8 %

18587

2 Year College

15.6 %

8385

15.9 %

207

15.6 %

8592

4 Year College

42.7 %

22966

45.2 %

588

42.8 %

23554

Graduate School

5.1 %

2756

5.7 %

74

5.1 %

2830

Employment status

Not employed, disabled, retired, student, or homemaker

40.5 %

21790

43.8 %

570*

40.6 %

22360

Full-time, part-time, or self-employed

59.5 %

31968

56.2 %

732*

59.4 %

32700

Income

< ¥3,000,000

18.6 %

10012

18.0 %

234

18.6 %

10246

¥3,000,000 to < ¥5,000,000

26.1 %

14014

23.3 %

303*

26.0 %

14317

¥5,000,000 to < ¥8,000,000

25.2 %

13564

25.5 %

332

25.2 %

13896

≥ ¥8,000,000

20.3 %

10937

27.3 %

356*

20.5 %

11293

Declined to answer

9.7 %

5231

5.9 %

77*

9.6 %

5308

Children (<18) in household

0

75.1 %

40376

79.3 %

1032*

75.2 %

41408

1

13.1 %

7038

12.3 %

160

13.1 %

7198

2

9.5 %

5125

6.6 %

86*

9.5 %

5211

≥3

2.3 %

1219

1.8 %

24

2.3 %

1243

  1. Caregivers were defined as those currently caring for an adult relative with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, whereas non-caregivers were those not currently caring for an adult relative with any listed condition
  2. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, SD standard deviation
  3. *p < 0.05 for the two-tailed significance of differences across caregivers and non-caregivers within a given row