Table 1 The descriptions of anthropometry, muscle strength and physical performance data of young group and elderly group (mean ± SD)

Average age (year)

38.6 ± 12.0

41.7 ± 12.6

71.0 ± 5.7

69.2 ± 6.5

<0.0001

0.6297

Height (m)

1.73 ± 0.07

1.61 ± 0.05

1.67 ± 0.06

1.56 ± 0.06

<0.0001

<0.0001

Weight (kg)

72.76 ± 11.22

59.55 ± 8.90

66.93 ± 10.00

60.05 ± 9.97

0.0221

<0.0001

Fat mass (kg)

14.84 ± 4.99

17.61 ± 5.60

16.48 ± 5.47

20.57 ± 5.97

<0.0001

<0.0001

Lean mass (kg)

54.43 ± 6.82

39.13 ± 4.10

47.63 ± 5.43

37.39 ± 4.88

<0.0001

<0.0001

Arm skeletal mass (kg)

7.90 ± 1.08

5.84 ± 2.52

6.88 ± 0.81

5.40 ± 0.74

<0.0001

<0.0001

Leg skeletal mass (kg)

19.35 ± 2.43

13.90 ± 1.46

16.96 ± 1.95

13.30 ± 1.73

<0.0001

<0.0001

ASM (kg)

27.25 ± 3.44

19.46 ± 2.06

23.84 ± 2.75

18.70 ± 2.42

<0.0001

<0.0001

Fat mass (%)

19.90 ± 4.04

28.98 ± 5.42

24.17 ± 5.56

33.73 ± 5.73

<0.0001

<0.0001

Lean mass (%)

75.00 ± 3.76

66.25 ± 5.12

71.66 ± 5.89

62.82 ± 5.73

<0.0001

<0.0001

Arm skeletal mass (%)

10.92 ± 0.96

9.91 ± 4.64

10.35 ± 0.90

9.08 ± 1.00

0.0001

<0.0001

Leg skeletal mass (%)

26.72 ± 1.32

23.54 ± 1.82

25.52 ± 2.09

22.35 ± 2.03

<0.0001

<0.0001

Percentage of ASM (%)

37.55 ± 2.12

32.93 ± 2.38

35.87 ± 2.98

31.42 ± 2.93

<0.0001

<0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

24.09 ± 3.12

22.87 ± 3.30

23.88 ± 3.13

24.59 ± 3.71

0.0005

0.6346

LMI (kg/m²)

17.97 ± 1.62

15.02 ± 1.30

16.99 ± 1.45

15.29 ± 1.56

0.1064

<0.0001

Arm skeletal mass index (kg/m²)

2.62 ± 0.32

2.24 ± 0.98

2.46 ± 0.23

2.21 ± 0.24

0.0357

<0.0001

Leg skeletal mass index (kg/m²)

6.42 ± 0.61

5.34 ± 0.46

6.05 ± 0.52

5.44 ± 0.56

0.0755

<0.0001

ASMI(kg/m²)

9.00 ± 0.85

7.47 ± 0.65

8.50 ± 0.74

7.65 ± 0.78

0.2292

<0.0001

Handgrip strength (kg)

40.81 ± 5.77

26.44 ± 4.42

34.04 ± 8.05

21.56 ± 5.64

<0.0001

<0.0001

Gait Speed (m/s)

1.51 ± 0.24

1.45 ± 0.22

1.19 ± 0.26

1.15 ± 0.31

<0.0001

0.0200

Chair repeat time (s)

6.58 ± 2.01

6.66 ± 4.27

10.66 ± 5.46

11.42 ± 7.41

<0.0001

0.2287