Table 5 Factors associated with verbal aggressive behaviours.
Characteristic | Aggressive verbal behaviours | Bivariate analyses | Regression analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n: 497 (21.5%) | No n: 1823 (78.9%) | Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
Individual factors | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
≥ 85 ‡ | 187 (37.6%) | 870 (47.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
75 to 84 | 220 (44.3%) | 668 (36.6%) | 1.53* (1.23–1.91) | 1.40 (1.12–1.76) |
65 to 74 | 90 (18.1%) | 285 (15.6%) | 1.47* (1.11–1.95) | 1.18 (0.87–1.60) |
Gender | ||||
Female ‡ | 329 (66.2%) | 1422 (78.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 168 (33.8%) | 401 (22.0%) | 1.81* (1.46–2.25) | 1.64* (1.30–2.06) |
Length of stay in LTCC (years) | ||||
0 to 2 ‡ | 237 (47.7%) | 845 (46.4%) | 1.00 | |
3 to 4 | 96 (19.3%) | 336 (18.4%) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | |
≥ 5 | 164 (33.0%) | 642 (35.2%) | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | |
Functional autonomy | ||||
Autonomous / semi-autonomous‡ | 282 (56.8%) | 923 (50.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Dependent | 214 (43.1%) | 899 (49.3%) | 0.78* (0.64–0.95) | 0.78* (0.62–0.99) |
Cognitive status | ||||
No impairment ‡ | 76 (15.3%) | 395 (21.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild-moderate impairment | 221 (44.5%) | 624 (34.3%) | 1.82* (1.37–2.43) | 1.85* (1.37–2.50) |
Severe impairment | 199 (40.1%) | 803 (44.1%) | 1.27 (0.95–1.70) | 1.48* (1.06–2.07) |
Withdrawal behaviour | ||||
No ‡ | 265 (53.4%) | 951 (52.2%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 231 (46.6%) | 871 (47.8%) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | |
Sleep disturbance | ||||
No ‡ | 449 (90.5%) | 1725 (94.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 47 (9.5%) | 97 (5.3%) | 1.86* (1.29–2.68) | 1.76* (1.21–2.56) |
Psychological distress | ||||
No ‡ | 373 (75.1%) | 1454 (79.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 124 (24.9%) | 369 (20.2%) | 1.31* (1.04–1.65) | 1.19 (0.93–1.51) |
Environmental factors | ||||
Use of benzodiazepine drugs | ||||
No ‡ | 261 (52.5%) | 1075 (58.9%)) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 236 (47.5%) | 748 (41.0%) | 1.30* (1.07–1.59) | 1.28* (1.05–1.58) |
Use of neuroleptic drugs | ||||
No ‡ | 313 (62.9%) | 1359 (74.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 184 (37.0%) | 464 (25.4%) | 1.72* (1.40–2.13) | 1.62* (1.30–2.02) |
Social visitation. | ||||
0 to 3 hours ‡ | 167 (33.7%) | 606 (33.4%) | 1.00 | |
4 to 15 hours | 176 (35.5%) | 560 (30.9%) | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) | |
≥ 16 hours | 153 (30.8%) | 648 (35.7%) | 0.86 (0.68–1.11) | |
Use of physical restraints | ||||
No ‡ | 325 (65.4%) | 1242 (68.1%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 172 (34.6%) | 581 (31.9%) | 0.13 (0.92–1.40) | |