Table 1 Characteristics of the participants and the association with risk of fall injury

Demographics

Age (in years)

  65-69

37.0

(7597)

13.0

(60)

1.00

(REF)

 70-74

25.0

(5140)

12.5

(58)

1.20 (0.79-1.81)

1.19 (0.79-1.81)

 75-79

16.9

(3474)

17.5

(81)

2.76 (1.87-4.07)

2.72 (1.85-4.01)

 80-84

12.2

(2494)

20.1

(93)

4.86 (3.34-7.08)

4.77 (3.27-6.94)

 ≥85

8.9

(1820)

36.9

(171)

10.79 (7.64-15.24)

10.49 (7.43-14.79)

Gender

 Male

47.2

(9680)

35.6

(165)

1.00

(REF)

 Female

52.8

(10845)

64.4

(298)

1.58 (1.27-1.95)

1.41 (1.14-1.75)

Country of origin

 Sweden

84.8

(17395)

85.1

(394)

1.00

(REF)

 Other Nordic countries

7.4

(1528)

7.8

(36

1.03 (0.70-1.52)

1.14 (0.77-1.69)

 Other European countries

5.7

(1168)

5.4

(25)

0.93 (0.59-1.46)

0.92 (0.57-1.43)

 The rest of the world

2.1

(434)

1.73

(8)

0.86 (0.41-1.80)

1.05 (0.49-2.23)

Marital status

 Married

57.3

(11767)

39.3

(182)

1.00

(REF)

 Unmarried

7.2

(1474)

7.1

(33)

1.47 (0.98-2.20)

1.56 (1.04-2.35)

 Divorced

18.1

(3707)

16.0

(74)

1.21 (0.88-1.65)

1.24 (0.90-1.70)

 Widowed

17.4

(3577)

37.6

(174)

3.05 (2.41-3.86)

1.38 (1.05-1.80)

Housing and finance

Type of housing

 Own house

40.2

(8126)

26.2

(117)

1.00

(REF)

 Own apartment

34.4

(6962)

35.2

(157)

1.50 (1.14-1.97)

1.10 (0.84-1.45)

 Rental accommodation

23.0

(4643)

32.5

(145)

1.99 (1.51-2.62)

1.30 (0.98-1.72)

 Assisted living

1.3

(263)

5.4

(24)

6.20 (3.76-10.21)

2.01 (1.18-3.41)

 Other

1.2

(240)

0.7

(3)

0.94 (0.29-3.02)

0.52 (0.16-1.69)

Presence of¹:

Financial stress - general

5.5

(1061)

8.6

(36)

1.44 (0.97-2.12)

1.62 (1.09-2.42)

Financial stress – health care

5.2

(1002)

5.8

(24)

1.06 (0.66-1.71)

1.37 (0.84-2.23)

Lifestyle

Presence of¹:

<3 hours of exercise per week

73.3

(14469)

84.1

(354)

1.97 (1.46-2.65)

1.52 (1.12-2.07)

<2 hours of housework per day

60.4

(12086)

71.9

(317)

1.53 (1.21-1.93)

1.56 (1.22-1.99)

< 20 minutes of walking/cycling per day

26.6

(5333)

43.9

(194)

2.19 (1.77-2.71)

1.69 (1.35-2.10)

Sedentary behaviour

12.5

(2451)

28.7

(121)

2.76 (2.17-3.50)

2.05 (1.59-2.65)

Alcohol binge drinking

7.1

(1413)

9.1

(40)

1.18 (0.82-1.70)

1.84 (1.26-2.69)

Daily smoking

9.7

(1921)

11.8

(52)

1.21 (0.87-1.69)

1.66 (1.18-2.32)

Daily smokeless tobacco use

4.1

(796)

2.8

(12)

0.64 (0.33-1.24)

1.12 (0.56-2.22)

Social circumstances

Presence of¹:

Living alone

33.9

(6836)

57.0

(254)

2.37 (1.92-2.93)

1.45 (1.14-1.84)

Distrusting the neighbours

4.5

(903)

6.5

(29)

1.44 (0.94-2.21)

1.57 (1.01-2.44)

Lack of social support

12.8

(2580)

14.4

(64)

1.13 (0.84-1.51)

1.20 (0.89-1.61)

Low participation in social activities

41.4

(8246)

59.4

(260)

2.12 (1.71-2.63)

1.72 (1.38-2.16)

Health status

BMI

 Underweight

1.8

(350)

4.9

(20)

2.31 (1.37-3.90)

1.52 (0.88-2.61)

 Normal weight

45.5

(8868)

56.0

(229)

1.00

(REF)

 Overweight

39.7

(7725)

31.5

(129)

0.65 (0.51-0.83)

0.80 (0.63-1.02)

 Obesity

13.1

(2542)

7.6

(31)

0.42 (0.28-0.65)

0.56 (0.36-0.85)

Presence of¹:

Poor self-rated health

6.3

(1250)

19.4

(85)

3.64 (2.78-4.78)

2.56 (1.91-3.43)

Long-term limiting disease

38.4

(7515)

57.8

(241)

2.35 (1.89-2.93)

1.83 (1.45-2.30)

Persistent fatigue

30.3

(5794)

45.3

(182)

2.03 (1.63-2.54)

1.50 (1.19-1.91)

Sleep problems

39.0

(7568)

51.5

(213)

1.63 (1.31-2.03)

1.43 (1.14-1.80)

Reduced mobility

27.3

(5466)

59.4

(265)

3.87 (3.12-4.79)

2.34 (1.85-2.95)

Pain or discomfort

60.0

(11913)

76.0

(335)

2.13 (1.67-2.72)

1.67 (1.30-2.15)

Poor mental health (GHQ-12 ≥ 3)

11.0

(2216)

25.9

(114)

2.74 (2.15-3.48)

2.12 (1.64-2.74)

Depression diagnosis

7.7

(1491)

9.0

(38)

1.19 (0.82-1.73)

1.33 (0.91-1.93)

Diabetes diagnosis

11.8

(2386)

13.1

(59)

1.10 (0.81-1.50)

1.18 (0.87-1.61)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis

5.3

(1070)

9.1

(40)

1.62 (1.13-2.33)

1.38 (0.95-2.01)

Angina diagnosis

9.8

(1938)

15.8

(68)

1.66 (1.24-2.23)

1.24 (0.92-1.68)

Congestive heart failure diagnosis

7.8

(1547)

17.8

(77)

2.39 (1.81-3.16)

1.50 (1.12-2.01)

High blood pressure

49.2

(9958)

53.6

(241)

1.20 (0.97-1.48)

1.01 (0.82-1.26)