Strength-balance supplemented with computerized cognitive training to improve dual task gait and divided attention in older adults: a multicenter randomized-controlled trial

Table 3 Pre- and post-test performance for SB and SBC , differences between groups and interaction effects

	SBgroup		SBCgroup		Pre-post differences (both groups)	Between-groups differences	Interaction effect
	Pre-test (mean ± SD)	Post-test (mean ± SD)	Pre-test (mean ± SD)	Post-test (mean ± SD)	p _within/η²	p _between/η²	p _interaction/η²
Simple RT
RT right hand	362.7 ± 94.8	300.9 ± 57.3	383.0 ± 129.4	318.2 ± 69.0	<0.001*/0.323	0.108/0.014	0.820/0
RT left hand	362.6 ± 88.8	298.4 ± 56.0	374.4 ± 109.6	318.2 ± 74.6	<0.001*/0.339	0.145/0.012	0.524/0.002
RT right foot	423.5 ± 119.3	345.9 ± 67.2	472.5 ± 218.1	380.9 ± 101.1	<0.001*/0.273	0.016*/0.032	0.500/0.003
RT left foot	410.1 ± 110.0	354.3 ± 83.4	442.2 ± 158.7	370.0 ± 82.8	<0.001*/0.261	0.105/0.015	0.312/0.006
Fear of falling
FES-I	25.4 ± 8.0	22.8 ± 7.0	26.8 ± 9.6	24.6 ± 8.5	<0.001*/0.159	0.157/0.011	0.637/0.001
Executive functions
TMT A	83.4 ± 51.4	71.2 ± 47.3	81.5 ± 51.3	69.5 ± 43.4	<0.001*/0.143	0.795/0	0.969/0
TMT B	188.5 ± 73.0	166.3 ± 75.0	189.5 ± 78.8	164.4 ± 76.9	<0.001*/0.207	0.964/0	0.772/0.001
Divided attention
RT upper channel	940.1 ± 170.0	885.7 ± 169.9	1014.0 ± 209.7	907.4 ± 211.3	<0.001*/0.217	0.066°/0.019	0.023*/0.028
RT lower channel	976.7 ± 181.5	893.1 ± 169.2	1012.3 ± 25.0	889.8 ± 204.9	<0.001*/0.292	0.542/0.002	0.105/0.015
MA upper channel	10.7 ± 4.6	10.1 ± 5.0	13.3 ± 5.9	10.0 ± 5.5	<0.001*/0.082	0.064°/0.019	0.001*/0.062
MA lower channel	13.5 ± 5.8	11.5 ± 5.7	15.0 ± 7.2	11.4 ± 6.2	<0.001*/0.161	0.379/0.004	0.094°/0.015

Notes: *significant within-groups differences pre-post (p _within ≤ 0.05), significant between-groups differences (p _between ≤ 0.05) & significant interactions of the groups (p _interaction ≤ 0.05); °trends to significant within-groups differences pre-post (0.05 ≥ p _within ≤ 0.10) & trends to significant interactions of the groups (0.05 ≥ p _interaction ≤ 0.10);, calculated with ANOVA. Abbreviations: η2 effect size η2 = .01, small effect, η2 = .06; moderate effect, η2 = .14; large effect, RT reaction time, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale-International, MA missed answers.

ISSN: 1471-2318