From: A claims data-based comparison of comorbidity in individuals with and without dementia
 | Men (N = 10,741; 2,325 cases; 8,416 control subjects) | Women (N = 27,012; 6,814 cases; 20,198 control subjects) |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis group | Case (%) | Control (%) | OR | Case (%) | Control (%) | OR* | p interaction** |
Neoplasms | Â | ||||||
Cancer (all) | 33.9 | 35.9 | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 22.0 | 24.1 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.589 |
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | |||||||
Anaemia | 26.1 | 20.0 | 1.40 (1.26–1.56) | 25.2 | 19.0 | 1.40 (1.31–1.50) | 0.925 |
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | |||||||
Thyroid dysfunction | 18.0 | 17.7 | 1.02 (0.91–1.16) | 27.1 | 32.4 | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | 47.9 | 40.2 | 1.38 (1.26–1.51) | 44.3 | 39.0 | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | 0.109 |
Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias | 45.1 | 51.0 | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | 40.3 | 51.5 | 0.70 (0.66–0.74) | 0.008 |
Fluids/electrolyte disorders | 32.2 | 17.2 | 2.24 (2.02–2.49) | 35.6 | 21.1 | 1.94 (1.83–2.06) | 0.016 |
Mental and behavioural disorders | |||||||
Psychotic/neurotic disorders | 20.5 | 13.5 | 1.67 (1.48–1.88) | 25.1 | 19.7 | 1.51 (1.42–1.62) | 0.054 |
Depression | 24.5 | 10.4 | 2.81 (2.50–3.17) | 32.6 | 20.5 | 1.93 (1.81–2.05) | <0.0001 |
Insomnia | 14.9 | 9.6 | 1.65 (1.44–1.88) | 16.7 | 13.3 | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the nervous system | |||||||
Parkinson’s disease | 17.0 | 2.9 | 6.64 (5.62–7.84) | 11.9 | 2.8 | 4.71 (4.21–5.28) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the eye and ear | |||||||
Severe vision reduction | 39.8 | 47.2 | 0.73 (0.67–0.80) | 36.4 | 50.9 | 0.56 (0.53–0.59) | <0.0001 |
Severe hearing loss | 20.9 | 20.8 | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) | 17.1 | 17.4 | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.172 |
Diseases of the circulatory system | |||||||
Hypertension | 71.6 | 73.2 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 74.0 | 79.8 | 0.70 (0.66–0.75) | <0.0001 |
Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 45.6 | 42.9 | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 37.8 | 36.7 | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 0.044 |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 33.9 | 31.6 | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 26.5 | 27.6 | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.003 |
Cardiac insufficiency | 40.9 | 26.2 | 1.90 (1.73–2.10) | 48.2 | 35.0 | 1.48 (1.39–1.56) | <0.0001 |
Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 47.7 | 32.6 | 1.86 (1.70–2.05) | 41.6 | 30.2 | 1.56 (1.48–1.66) | 0.002 |
Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke | 39.1 | 16.1 | 3.32 (3.00–3.67) | 30.1 | 15.9 | 2.34 (2.19–2.50) | <0.0001 |
Lower limb varicosis | 17.2 | 16.6 | 1.04 (0.92-1.17) | 24.8 | 29.3 | 0.81 (0.76-0.86) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the respiratory system | |||||||
Pneumonia | 14.6 | 6.4 | 2.45 (2.12–2.83) | 10.6 | 4.7 | 2.23 (2.02–2.48) | 0.353 |
Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 34.2 | 31.0 | 1.15 (1.04–1.27) | 23.6 | 23.1 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.030 |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | |||||||
Arthritis | 13.4 | 15.3 | 0.86 (0.76–0.99) | 10.6 | 13.1 | 0.79 (0.73–0.87) | 0.348 |
Joint arthrosis | 36.0 | 39.6 | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 42.7 | 50.5 | 0.71 (0.68–0.76) | 0.001 |
Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout | 32.9 | 36.8 | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 22.4 | 25.0 | 0.86 (0.81–0.92) | 0.581 |
Lower back pain | 48.5 | 55.7 | 0.76 (0.69–0.83) | 49.1 | 60.3 | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | 0.016 |
Osteoporosis | 8.6 | 6.5 | 1.33 (1.12–1.57) | 29.0 | 29.3 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the genitourinary system | |||||||
Renal insufficiency/failure | 28.3 | 20.5 | 1.50 (1.35–1.66) | 19.4 | 14.6 | 1.30 (1.21–1.40) | 0.024 |
Incontinence | 48.3 | 18.2 | 4.19 (3.79–4.63) | 50.9 | 26.7 | 2.71 (2.56–2.87) | <0.0001 |
Injuries, fractures and fall risks | |||||||
Fractures and injuries | 37.3 | 27.8 | 1.52 (1.38–1.68) | 45.5 | 32.8 | 1.63 (1.54–1.73) | 0.253 |
Fall risk and dizziness | 22.8 | 15.4 | 1.59 (1.42–1.78) | 25.2 | 22.1 | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | <0.0001 |