Characteristics | Men | Women | p-value†|
---|---|---|---|
(n = 276) | (n = 467) |  | |
Demographic | Â | Â | Â |
  Age (years) | 78.3 ± 5.2 | 78.1 ± 5.0 | 0.76 |
  Education completed (years) | 14.8 ± 3.2 | 13.9 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
  White race/ethnicity | 227 (82.3) | 351 (75.3) | 0.03 |
Lifestyle | Â | Â | Â |
  Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.4 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | 0.67 |
  Physical activity (PASE) |  |  |  |
   Moderate-vigorous occupational | 21 (7.6) | 56 (12.0) | 0.06 |
   Recreational (hours/week) | 1.3 ± 2.4 | 0.9 ± 1.7 | 0.07 |
   Light household chores in past week | 229 (84.2) | 431 (98.0) | <0.001 |
   Lawn/garden chores in past week | 113 (41.2) | 148 (32.0) | 0.01 |
   Total PASE score | 112.9 ± 79.6 | 104.2 ± 65.4 | 0.44 |
  Blocks walked per week | 53.8 ± 82.5 | 36.3 ± 57.7 | <0.001 |
  Outdoor walking habit |  |  | 0.55 |
   Non-walker | 74 (27.3) | 145 (31.7) |  |
   Exercise only | 66 (24.4) | 111 (24.3) |  |
   Utilitarian only | 33 (12.2) | 56 (12.3) |  |
   Both exercise and utilitarian | 98 (36.2) | 145 (31.7) |  |
Physical disability | Â | Â | Â |
  Balance (Berg score) | 50.5 ± 6.3 | 49.2 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
  Assisted chair-stand test using arms (seconds) | 19 (6.9) | 39 (8.4) | 0.47 |
  Gait speed (m/sec) | 0.99 ± 0.26 | 0.92 ± 0.25 | 0.002 |
  Activities of daily living: |  |  | 0.71 |
   No difficulty | 218 (79.0) | 357 (76.5) |  |
   Little/some difficulty | 39 (14.1) | 72 (15.4) |  |
   Much difficulty/inability | 19 (6.9) | 38 (8.1) |  |
  Short physical performance battery (score) | 9.6 ± 2.4 | 9.1 ± 2.6 | 0.01 |
  Reduced activity due to illness in past year | 67 (24.3) | 144 (30.8) | 0.06 |
  Poor vision (worse than 40/100) | 21 (7.6) | 39 (8.4) | 0.72 |
Illness-Related | Â | Â | Â |
  Moderate/severe bodily pain | 85 (30.9) | 206 (44.2) | <0.001 |
  Number of comorbid conditions | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 0.74 |
  Fair/poor self-rated health | 44 (15.9) | 67 (14.4) | 0.56 |
  Peripheral neuropathy | 44 (16.1) | 47 (10.1) | 0.02 |
  Foot pain on most days | 54 (19.6) | 125 (26.8) | 0.03 |
  Knee osteoarthritis | 67 (24.3) | 122 (26.2) | 0.57 |
  Depression | 22 (8.0) | 31 (6.6) | 0.50 |
  Medication use |  |  |  |
  Number of medications | 6.2 ± 3.2 | 6.2 ± 3.1 | 0.91 |
  Use of psychotropic medication‡ | 42 (15.3) | 108 (23.4) | 0.009 |
Cognition | Â | Â | Â |
  MMSE score | 27.4 ± 2.5 | 26.8 ± 2.7 | 0.004 |
  Trail making Test B adjusted for motor component (secs) | 86.2 ± 61.9 | 91.5 ± 64.9 | 0.35 |
Fall-Related | Â | Â | Â |
  Number of falls in year before baseline | 0.9 ± 3.3 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 0.17 |
  Falls efficacy score | 96.3 ± 8.6 | 95.2 ± 9.7 | 0.03 |