Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of study participants by visual status (N = 22,291)
| Â | Total | No visual impairment | Visual impairment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N(%) | % with poor SRH (N = 3439) | N(%) | % with poor SRH (N = 2647) | N(%) | % with poor SRH (N = 792) | P value | |
Total | 22,291 (100.0) | 15.4 | 20,228 (100.0) | 13.1 | 2063 (100.0) | 38.4 | < 0.001 |
Age | |||||||
 65-69 | 6621 (29.7) | 11.1 | 6194 (30.6) | 9.7 | 428 (20.7) | 31.0 | < 0.001 |
 70-74 | 5906 (26.5) | 12.8 | 5478 (27.1) | 11.1 | 428 (20.7) | 34.8 | < 0.001 |
 75-79 | 5057 (22.7) | 17.1 | 4555 (22.5) | 14.8 | 502 (24.3) | 38.3 | < 0.001 |
 80-84 | 3171 (14.2) | 21.4 | 2741 (13.5) | 17.9 | 430 (20.9) | 44.0 | < 0.001 |
 85 or older | 1536 (6.9) | 26.3 | 1260 (6.2) | 21.8 | 276 (13.4) | 47.0 | < 0.001 |
Sex | |||||||
 Male | 10,135 (45.5) | 48.6 | 9206 (45.5) | 48.8 | 929 (45.0) | 47.8 | 0.56 |
 Female | 12,156 (54.5) | 51.4 | 11,022 (54.5) | 51.2 | 1134 (55.0) | 52.2 | 0.52 |
Marital status | |||||||
 Married | 16,126 (72.3) | 14.6 | 14,806 (73.2) | 12.5 | 1321 (64.0) | 38.1 | < 0.001 |
 Widowed | 4537 (20.4) | 16.8 | 3995 (19.8) | 14.0 | 542 (26.3) | 37.2 | < 0.001 |
 Separated | 956 (4.3) | 18.8 | 832 (4.1) | 15.3 | 124 (6.0) | 42.2 | < 0.001 |
 Unmarried | 672 (3.0) | 21.1 | 595 (2.9) | 17.9 | 77 (3.7) | 46.1 | < 0.001 |
Education (years) | |||||||
  < 9 | 7480 (33.6) | 20.0 | 6517 (32.2) | 16.6 | 964 (46.7) | 42.8 | < 0.001 |
 10-12 | 9177 (41.2) | 13.7 | 8463 (41.8) | 12.0 | 714 (34.6) | 34.3 | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 13 | 5634 (25.3) | 12.2 | 5249 (25.9) | 10.5 | 386 (18.7) | 34.9 | < 0.001 |
Equivalized income (million yen) | |||||||
 Low | 11,436 (51.3) | 19.0 | 10,088 (49.9) | 15.9 | 1348 (65.3) | 41.7 | < 0.001 |
 Middle | 8495 (38.1) | 12.3 | 7915 (39.1) | 10.8 | 580 (28.1) | 33.3 | < 0.001 |
 High | 2361 (10.6) | 9.4 | 2225 (11.0) | 8.3 | 136 (6.6) | 27.6 | < 0.001 |
History of systemic comorbidities | |||||||
 No history | 8684 (39.0) | 10.5 | 8170 (40.4) | 9.4 | 514 (24.9) | 28.3 | < 0.001 |
 One disease | 9626 (43.2) | 15.3 | 8740 (43.2) | 13.0 | 886 (42.9) | 37.7 | < 0.001 |
 Two diseases | 3367 (15.1) | 24.1 | 2853 (14.1) | 20.5 | 513 (24.9) | 44.0 | < 0.001 |
 Three or more diseases | 615 (2.8) | 39.4 | 465 (2.3) | 33.4 | 150 (7.3) | 57.8 | < 0.001 |
Participation in numbers of group | |||||||
 No participation | 13,615 (61.1) | 19.1 | 12,164 (60.1) | 16.2 | 1452 (70.3) | 43.0 | < 0.001 |
  1 | 3025 (13.6) | 12.3 | 2771 (13.7) | 10.6 | 254 (12.3) | 30.8 | < 0.001 |
  2 | 3016 (13.5) | 8.1 | 2838 (14.0) | 7.3 | 179 (8.7) | 21.2 | < 0.001 |
   ≥ 3 | 2635 (11.8) | 8.7 | 2456 (12.1) | 7.2 | 179 (8.7) | 28.8 | < 0.001 |