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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the total sample and the married sample of young elderly parents [percent or mean (SD)]

From: Loneliness in older parents: marital transitions, family and social connections, and separate bedrooms for sleep

 

Percent or mean (SD)

Variable

Total sample

The married sample

Social and family connection variables

 Marital status (%)

  Married

78.54

 

  Widowed

13.98

 

  Divorced

6.44

 

  Others

1.03

 

 Living alone (%)

9.91

4.72

 Family cohesion (range: 0–12)

9.60 (2.16)

9.68 (2.10)

 Weekly contact with friends (range: 0–3)

3.71 (1.78)

1.71 (0.97)

 Household size (range: 1–15)

1.68 (1.00)

3.89 (1.77)

Psychological well-being

 Depressive symptoms

  Depressive domain (range: 5–25)

5.81 (1.74)

5.74 (1.64)

  Somatic domain (range: 6–30)

8.37 (3.01)

8.26 (2.92)

 Self-esteem (range: 8–24)

18.08 (2.27)

18.14 (2.27)

 Feeling of fulfillment (range: 0–4)

2.93 (0.74)

2.98 (0.73)

 Perceived poor health (%)

47.11

46.36

Covariates

 Age (range: 50–75)

62.03 (4.23)

62.03 (4.10)

 Male (%)

32.52

35.68

 Education attainment (%)

  Primary attainment

44.01

41.80

  High school education

43.16

44.58

  College and above

12.83

13.62

 Currently full-time employed (%)

35.26

34.37

 Perceived economic strain (%)

10.33

9.21

 Sleep problems

  Subjective sleep quality (range: 0–3)

1.20 (0.70)

1.18 (0.69)

  Sleep disturbance (range: 0–3)

0.82 (0.46)

0.82 (0.44)

  Use of sleep medicine (range: 0–3)

0.29 (0.83)

0.27 (0.80)

  Daytime dysfunction (range: 0–3)

0.21 (0.44)

0.20 (0.42)

Spousal characteristics

 Separate bedrooms for sleep

  Yes

 

19.12

  Couple bed-sharing

 

55.03

  Different beds in the same bedroom

 

8.67

  Unknown

 

17.18

 Had a sex (more than once per month)

 

25.85

 Perception of spousal poor health (%)

 

47.02

 Marital duration in years

 

35.87 (4.66)

 Satisfying spousal relationship (range: 0–3)

 

2.37 (0.62)

 Intimate partner violence (range: 0–3)

 

0.67 (0.68)

 Had a post on Facebook

 

25.39

 Loneliness

  Emotional domain

11.67

9.21

  Social domain

30.33

27.94

N

1645

1292

  1. SD standard deviation