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Table 3 Odd ratios for ADL disabilities, IADL disabilities, upper-body limitations, lower-body limitations, and higher functional limitations according to HGS, UWS, and overall function by gender

From: Objective physical measures and their association with subjective functional limitations in a representative study population of older Thais

Variable

Male

Female

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

Handgrip strength

 60–69 years

  ADL disabilities

17.25***

20.01***

20.48***

5.90***

6.70***

3.39*

  IADL disabilities

1.84***

1.77***

1.45**

1.43***

1.73***

1.70***

  Upper-body limitations

2.85***

2.79***

2.69***

1.40*

1.61***

1.62***

  Lower-body limitations

2.33***

2.25***

2.19***

1.90***

2.15***

2.24***

  Higher functional limitations

2.34***

2.27***

2.34***

1.62***

1.85***

1.91***

 70–79 years

  ADL disabilities

10.74**

12.01**

22.80***

3.05***

3.10***

2.59*

  IADL disabilities

2.26***

2.18***

2.35**

2.01***

2.05***

1.75**

  Upper-body limitations

3.41***

3.61***

3.60***

1.70***

1.86***

1.34*

  Lower-body limitations

2.12***

2.22***

1.93***

1.78***

1.89***

1.32*

  Higher functional limitations

2.13***

2.12***

2.65***

1.75***

1.84***

1.31

Usual walking speed

 60–69 years

  ADL disabilities

6.92**

6.32**

5.77*

5.66***

5.33***

21.77***

  IADL disabilities

1.33

1.17

1.08

1.77***

1.38***

1.35**

  Upper-body limitations

1.72**

1.80***

2.03***

2.17***

1.92***

2.07***

  Lower-body limitations

2.03***

2.15***

2.29***

2.45***

2.18***

2.21***

  Higher functional limitations

1.81*

1.88***

2.35***

2.46***

2.06***

2.31***

 70–79 years

      

  ADL disabilities

20.09***

29.67***

25.96***

4.80***

4.94***

2.45*

  IADL disabilities

1.12

1.14

1.05

1.95***

1.69***

1.32

  Upper-body limitations

2.81***

2.88***

2.78***

1.69***

1.57***

1.25

  Lower-body limitations

1.89***

1.94***

1.97***

1.55***

1.48**

1.21

Higher functional limitations

2.93***

2.96***

2.69***

1.63**

1.54**

1.29

Overall function

 60–69 years

  ADL disabilities

46.60***

51.62***

49.81***

8.01***

8.16***

8.56***

  IADL disabilities

1.91***

1.89***

1.80***

1.72***

1.76***

1.70***

  Upper-body limitations

2.64***

2.66***

2.77***

1.76***

1.87***

1.93***

  Lower-body limitations

2.59***

2.56***

2.71***

2.15***

2.22***

2.25***

  Higher functional limitations

2.73***

2.70***

3.29***

2.18***

2.29***

2.64***

 70–79 years

      

  ADL disabilities

14.29***

14.48***

18.88***

4.04***

4.02***

3.15*

  IADL disabilities

1.58**

1.71***

1.60**

1.83**

1.70**

1.44

  Upper-body limitations

2.23***

2.20***

2.19***

2.02***

2.06***

1.58**

  Lower-body limitations

1.70**

1.73***

1.58**

2.17***

2.23***

1.63**

  Higher functional limitations

1.72**

1.65**

1.68**

1.85***

1.83***

1.42*

  1. Notes: Model 1 adjusted for age, height, and weight; Model 2 adjusted for age, height, weight, education groups, and geographic region; Model 3 adjusted for age, height, weight, education groups, and geographic region, cognitive problems, diabetes, and hypertension; OR Odd ratio, ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living
  2. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001