Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis

Ye, Bo; Gao, Junling; Fu, Hua

doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0982-1

Table 4 The Odds Ratios for Frailty associated with Environmental Characteristics (N = 2154)

From: Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis

Variable	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3^a
Variable	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	P
Fixed effects
Individual-level environment characteristics
Aesthetic Quality
1st quartile	1.00						1.00
2nd quartile	0.79	0.61–1.03	0.077				0.78	0.60–1.02	0.070
3rd quartile	0.79	0.60–1.04	0.093				0.78	0.59–1.02	0.074
4th quartile	0.65	0.47–0.89	0.008				0.65	0.47–0.89	0.008
Walking Environment
1st quartile	1.00						1.00
2nd quartile	1.12	0.86–1.47	0.394				1.15	0.88–1.51	0.310
3rd quartile	1.21	0.92–1.59	0.170				1.29	0.97–1.70	0.075
4th quartile	1.13	0.82–1.55	0.451				1.22	0.89–1.67	0.225
Social Cohesion
1st quartile	1.00						1.00
2nd quartile	1.02	0.79–1.33	0.863				0.98	0.75–1.28	0.888
3rd quartile	0.91	0.69–1.19	0.485				0.86	0.66–1.14	0.291
4th quartile	0.76	0.56–1.02	0.069				0.73	0.54–0.99	0.043
Social Participation
1st quartile	1.00						1.00
2nd quartile	0.76	0.59–0.96	0.025				0.76	0.59–0.97	0.028
3rd quartile	0.60	0.47–0.78	< 0.001				0.59	0.45–0.77	< 0.001
4th quartile	0.61	0.47–0.80	< 0.001				0.59	0.45–0.77	< 0.001
Neighborhood-level environment characteristics
Aesthetic Quality
1st quartile				1.00			1.00
2nd quartile				1.36	0.68–2.73	0.388	1.37	0.69–2.71	0.367
3rd quartile				1.05	0.52–2.13	0.884	1.16	0.58–2.32	0.675
4th quartile				1.32	0.58–2.97	0.506	1.61	0.72–3.61	0.243
Walking Environment
1st quartile				1.00			1.00
2nd quartile				1.02	0.48–2.12	0.974	0.97	0.47–2.01	0.945
3rd quartile				0.86	0.42–1.79	0.693	0.81	0.39–1.66	0.561
4th quartile				0.48	0.21–1.07	0.073	0.43	0.19–0.95	0.036
Social Cohesion
1st quartile				1.00			1.00
2nd quartile				1.14	0.62–2.09	0.677	1.18	0.65–2.13	0.593
3rd quartile				1.14	0.64–2.02	0.653	1.17	0.67–2.04	0.582
4th quartile				0.63	0.32–1.24	0.181	0.73	0.37–1.42	0.355
Social Participation
1st quartile				1.00			1.00
2nd quartile				0.67	0.39–1.14	0.140	0.80	0.46–1.38	0.418
3rd quartile				0.78	0.47–1.32	0.359	1.00	0.60–1.68	0.994
4th quartile				0.92	0.52–1.65	0.784	1.30	0.72–2.34	0.384
Random effects
Neighborhood-level variance (SE)	0.38 (0.11)			0.24 (0.07)			0.22 (0.07)
Model fit
-2LL	4230.3178			4246.6448			4149.2458
AIC	4260.3180			4276.6450			4227.2460

^agender, age, education, marital status, work status, smoking, and drinking were adjusted

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