Variable | Mean ± SD/ n (%) | Age- and Gender-adjusted | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Robust | Pre-frail | Frail | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
Age, year | 66.12 ± 4.85 | 65.53 ± 4.70 | 66.34 ± 4.64 | 67.16 ± 5.49 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.07 | < 0.001e |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.063 | Â | Â | Â |
 Man | 1089 (42.6) | 501 (46.0) | 404 (37.1) | 184 (16.9) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Woman | 1470 (57.4) | 613 (41.7) | 608 (41.4) | 249 (16.9) |  | 1.17 | 1.01–1.36 | 0.039f |
Education |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
 Illiteracy | 98 (3.8) | 25 (25.5) | 43 (43.9) | 30 (30.6) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Primary school | 397 (15.5) | 177 (44.6) | 144 (36.3) | 76 (19.1) |  | 0.51 | 0.34–0.78 | 0.002 |
 Junior high school | 1006 (39.3) | 445 (44.2) | 383 (38.1) | 178 (17.7) |  | 0.54 | 0.36–0.79 | 0.002 |
 Senior high school | 709 (27.7) | 325 (45.8) | 286 (40.3) | 98 (13.8) |  | 0.47 | 0.31–0.69 | < 0.001 |
 University | 349 (13.6) | 142 (40.7) | 156 (44.7) | 51 (14.6) |  | 0.52 | 0.34–0.79 | 0.002 |
Work status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
 Employed | 331 (12.9) | 169 (51.1) | 99 (29.9) | 63 (19.0) |  | 0.85 | 0.69–1.06 | 0.146 |
 Othera | 2228 (87.1) | 945 (42.4) | 913 (41.0) | 370 (16.6) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
 Married | 2269 (88.7) | 1001 (44.1) | 906 (39.9) | 362 (16.0) |  | 0.80 | 0.63–1.00 | 0.051 |
 Otherb | 290 (11.3) | 113 (39.0) | 106 (36.6) | 71 (24.5) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.410 | Â | Â | Â |
 Nonsmoker | 2070 (80.9) | 894 (43.2) | 815 (39.4) | 361 (17.4) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Ex-smoker | 81 (3.2) | 33 (40.7) | 32 (39.5) | 16 (19.8) |  | 1.20 | 0.78–1.83 | 0.407 |
 Current Smoker | 408 (15.9) | 187 (45.8) | 165 (40.4) | 56 (13.7) |  | 0.99 | 0.79–1.24 | 0.925 |
Drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
 Nondrinker | 2057 (80.4) | 902 (43.9) | 822 (40.0) | 333 (16.2) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Drinker | 359 (14.0) | 157 (43.7) | 145 (40.4) | 57 (15.9) |  | 1.13 | 0.90–1.41 | 0.289 |
 Alcohol Dependence | 143 (5.6) | 55 (38.5) | 45 (31.5) | 43 (30.1) |  | 1.84 | 1.33–2.55 | < 0.001 |
MIPA level |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
 None | 753 (29.4) | 279 (37.1) | 306 (40.6) | 168 (22.3) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Low | 1199 (46.9) | 520 (43.4) | 480 (40.0) | 199 (16.6) |  | 0.74 | 0.63–0.88 | 0.001 |
 High | 607 (23.7) | 315 (51.9) | 226 (37.2) | 66 (10.9) |  | 0.52 | 0.43–0.64 | < 0.001 |
Organization Participation | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.241 | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 1689 (66.0) | 739 (43.8) | 679 (40.2) | 271 (16.0) |  | 0.89 | 0.76–1.04 | 0.136 |
 No | 870 (34.0) | 375 (43.1) | 333 (38.3) | 162 (18.6) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Self-Rated Health |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
 Good | 1452 (56.7) | 803 (55.3) | 512 (35.3) | 137 (9.4) |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Poor | 1107 (43.3) | 311 (28.1) | 500 (45.2) | 296 (26.7) |  | 3.16 | 2.70–3.68 | < 0.001 |
WHO-5c, score | 18.82 ± 4.35 | 20.14 ± 3.56 | 18.37 ± 4.41 | 16.47 ± 4.82 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.86–0.89 | < 0.001 |
Psychological Disorderc, d |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
 yes | 258 (10.1) | 38 (14.7) | 127 (49.2) | 93 (36.0) |  | 3.69 | 2.88–4.72 | < 0.001 |
 no | 2295 (89.7) | 1072 (46.7) | 885 (38.6) | 338 (14.7) |  | 1.00 |  |  |