Skip to main content

Table 3 Results of the univariate ordinal logistic regression analysis among groups (frail vs pre-frail vs non-frail)

From: Higher levels of tumor necrosis factor β are associated with frailty in socially vulnerable community-dwelling older adults

  

Univariate Regression

 

Variable

Category

O.R.

95% CI

p-value

Sex

Women (ref.)

Men

1.00

1.85

---

1.21–2.82

---

0.004*

Age (years)

60–69 years (ref.)

1.00

70–79 years

1.29

0.81–2.05

0.278

≥80 years

2.65

1.41–5.00

0.003*

Glucose (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤83 (ref.)

1.00

84–96

0.99

0.59–1.67

0.979

≥97

1.06

0.64–1.77

0.816

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≥51 (ref.)

1.00

42–50

1.18

0.70–1.97

0.538

≤41

1.42

0.85–2.40

0.184*

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤99 (ref.)

1.00

100–129

1.18

0.70–1.98

0.531

≥130

0.83

0.49–1.41

0.493

VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤20 (ref.)

1.00

21–31

0.59

0.35–1.01

0.051*

≥32

1.00

0.59–1.69

1.000

Urea (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤30 (ref.)

1.00

31–39

1.21

0.71–2.08

0.480

≥40

2.01

1.19–3.41

0.010*

Creatinine (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤0.7 (ref.)

1.00

0.8–1.0

0.85

0.48–1.50

0.569

≥1.1

1.96

1.05–3.66

0.034*

DHEA (ng/mL)

(tertile)

≤2.31 (ref.)

1.00

2.32–4.28

0.90

0.54–1.52

0.699

≥4.29

0.98

0.58–1.63

0.922

Hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL)

(tertile)

≥25 (ref.)

1.00

19–24

0.96

0.58–1.59

0.880

≤18

1.10

0.66–1.84

0.720

Insulin (μmol/L)

(tertile)

≥9 (ref.)

1.00

5–8

1.31

0.79–2.16

0.298

≤4

0.93

0.55–1.55

0.769

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

(em tertile)

≤103 (ref.)

1.00

104–158

0.53

0.32–0.90

0.019*

≥159

0.88

0.53–1.47

0.627

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

(tertile)

≤174 (ref.)

1.00

175–211

1.16

0.69–1.94

0.577

≥212

0.72

0.43–1.21

0.211

S-DHEA (μg/dL)

(tertile)

≤36 (ref.)

1.00

37–73

1.17

0.69–1.97

0.556

≥74

1.37

0.81–2.30

0.243

IGF-1 (ng/mL)

(tertile)

≤91.5 (ref.)

1.00

91.6–134.3

≥134.4

0.98

1.14

0.58–1.64

0.68–1.91

0.932

0.621

Glycated hemoglobin (%)

(tertile)

≤5.5 (ref.)

1.00

5.6–6.3

0.70

0.41–1.17

0.173

≥6.4

0.90

0.54–1.51

0.694

IL-10 (pg/dL)

(tertile)

≤0.39 (ref.)

1.00

0.40–1.05

1.11

0.63–1.96

0.720

≥1.06

1.31

0.74–2.32

0.362

IL-1α (pg/dL)

(tertile)

≤0.60 (ref.)

1.00

0.70–3.35

1.30

0.74–2.28

0.355

≥3.36

1.22

0.69–2.13

0.498

IL-1β

(tertile)

≤0.86 (ref.)

1.00

0.87–2.30

1.21

0.69–2.12

0.507

≥2.31

1.47

0.83–2.59

0.183*

IL-6

(tertile)

≤1.50 (ref.)

1.00

1.51–2.60

1.62

0.96–2.72

0.071*

≥2.61

1.67

0.99–2.81

0.052*

TNF-α

(tertile)

≤0.96 (ref.)

1.00

0.97–2.89

0.92

0.53–1.61

0.776

≥2.90

0.99

0.57–1.76

0.993

TNF-β

(tertile)

≤0.29 (ref.)

1.00

0.30–0.80

1.24

0.70–2.20

0.459

≥0.81

2.39

1.33–4.28

0.003*

  1. Variables with P < 0.20 were entered in the multivariable logistic regression model, n = 347. Notes: OR: Odds ratio shows the increase in odds for frailty. 95% CI = 95% of confidence interval for odds ratio; ref. = category chosen as reference. *Values with statistical significance (p < 0.2)
  2. All other bold entries represent the p values of significant results