Non-frail n = 34 (11.2%) | Pre-frail n = 197 (58.2%) | Frail n = 116 (30.6%) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mg/dL) | 95.5 ± 27.5 | 98.7 ± 44.5 | 106.4 ± 52.2 | 0.640 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 2.4 | 5.7 ± 2.8 | 0.874 |
Insulin (μmol/L) | 8.4 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 7.8 | 8.7 ± 8.1 | 0.663 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.2 ± 40.4 | 195.2 ± 43.1 | 193.3 ± 45.7 | 0.435 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.4 ± 11.2 | 48.3 ± 13.5 | 47.2 ± 11.6 | 0.497 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119.8 ± 37.8 | 119.6 ± 34.2 | 115.2 ± 34.2 | 0.441 |
VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 32.3 ± 23.0 | 28.4 ± 13.6 | 30.2 ± 16.3 | 0.818 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 146.2 ± 61.2 | 148.5 ± 82.7 | 151.4 ± 89.7 | 0.939 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 34.5 ± 10.1 | 35.5 ± 11.6 | 40.1 ± 14.9 | 0.013* a |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.96 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.004* a,b |
DHEA (ng/mL) | 4.1 ± 4.5 | 4.4 ± 4.3 | 4.3 ± 4.5 | 0.407 |
S-DHEA (μg/dL) | 55.8 ± 40.3 | 67.2 ± 48.4 | 67.2 ± 53.3 | 0.423 |
IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 113.2 ± 42.4 | 119.7 ± 47.5 | 117.2 ± 43.2 | 0.776 |
Hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 22.1 ± 5.6 | 23.2 ± 8.6 | 22.2 ± 7.8 | 0.693 |
Inflammatory markers (pg/mL) | ||||
Interleukin-1α | 3.0 ± 5.2 | 6.8 ± 12.5 | 9.2 ± 21.8 | 0.027* b |
Interleukin-1β | 1.9 ± 2.8 | 3.1 ± 4.2 | 3.4 ± 4.4 | 0.056 |
Interleukin-6 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 4.2 | 4.2 ± 7.6 | 0.012* a,b |
Interleukin-10 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 1.7 ± 3.2 | 3.6 ± 12.4 | 0.571 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 3.6 ± 5.8 | 4.7 ± 10.2 | 0.035* b |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-β | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 11.5 | 3.0 ± 10.1 | 0.033* a |