Table 1 Distribution of the pooled datasets: 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014 waves of the CLHLS
From: A comparison of perceived uselessness between centenarians and non-centenarians in China
Variables | Sample % a | Self-perceived uselessness (percentage) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Always/often | Sometimes | Seldom /never | Unable to answer | ||
Total observations | 48,476 (100%) | 11,147 (23.0%) b | 15,122 (31.2%) b | 16,000 (33.0%)b | 6207 (12.8%)b |
Age groups | |||||
 Age 65–79 | 30.3 | 19.7 | 34.3 | 43.8 | 2.3 |
 Age 80–89 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 33.3 | 32.7 | 7.6 |
 Age 90–99 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 29.9 | 28.1 | 17.3 |
 Age 100+ | 17.0 | 20.9 | 24.4 | 21.9 | 32.8 |
Other demographics | |||||
 Female | 56.4 | 25.0 | 30.2 | 28.8 | 16.0 |
 Male | 43.6 | 20.4 | 32.5 | 38.4 | 8.7 |
 Non-Han ethnicity | 16.3 | 19.3 | 34.0 | 34.2 | 12.5 |
 Han ethnicity | 83.7 | 23.7 | 30.7 | 32.8 | 12.9 |
Resources | |||||
 Own education, 0 years of schooling | 66.0 | 24.9 | 30.7 | 28.5 | 15.9 |
 Own education, 1–6 years of schooling | 25.1 | 20.8 | 32.9 | 38.7 | 7.6 |
 Own education, 7+ years of schooling | 8.9 | 15.0 | 29.9 | 50.2 | 4.9 |
 Rural | 56.4 | 24.7 | 31.4 | 30.2 | 13.8 |
 Urban | 43.6 | 20.9 | 30.9 | 36.7 | 11.6 |
 Non-white collar occupation | 92.3 | 23.7 | 31.3 | 31.7 | 13.3 |
 White collar occupation | 7.7 | 14.2 | 29.7 | 49.2 | 6.9 |
 Economic dependence | 72.2 | 25.2 | 30.7 | 28.4 | 15.7 |
 Economic independence | 27.8 | 17.3 | 32.5 | 45.0 | 5.2 |
 Fair or poor family economic condition | 84.8 | 24.1 | 31.5 | 31.0 | 13.4 |
 Rich family economic condition | 15.2 | 16.8 | 29.3 | 44.5 | 9.3 |
 Not covered by state medical insurance scheme | 8.5 | 35.7 | 27.7 | 15.5 | 21.1 |
 Covered by state medical insurance scheme | 91.5 | 21.8 | 31.5 | 34.7 | 12.0 |
Family/social support | |||||
 Currently not married | 66.0 | 24.5 | 30.2 | 28.2 | 17.1 |
 Currently married | 34.0 | 20.1 | 33.1 | 42.3 | 4.5 |
 Coresidence with children - no | 39.3 | 24.3 | 32.5 | 35.6 | 7.6 |
 Coresidence with children - yes | 60.7 | 22.2 | 30.4 | 31.3 | 16.2 |
 Receiving money/food from children - no | 20.0 | 21.5 | 28.5 | 33.5 | 16.6 |
 Receiving money/food from children - yes | 80.0 | 23.4 | 31.9 | 32.9 | 11.9 |
 Giving money/food to children - yes | 77.0 | 24.5 | 30.2 | 30.2 | 15.1 |
 Giving money/food to children - no | 23.0 | 18.1 | 34.5 | 42.5 | 5.0 |
Behaviors | |||||
 Frequency of leisure activities-low level | 75.6 | 25.2 | 30.6 | 28.5 | 15.7 |
 Frequency of leisure activities- medium level | 11.0 | 16.7 | 34.6 | 43.4 | 5.4 |
 Frequency of leisure activities -high level | 13.6 | 15.8 | 31.6 | 49.8 | 2.8 |
Health conditions | |||||
 ADL independent | 74.6 | 21.8 | 33.7 | 38.1 | 6.5 |
 ADL dependent | 25.4 | 26.4 | 24.0 | 18.2 | 31.5 |
 Cognitively unimpaired | 60.1 | 21.1 | 35.7 | 41.7 | 1.4 |
 Cognitively impaired | 39.9 | 25.8 | 24.4 | 19.9 | 30.0 |
Survey years | |||||
 Wave 2005 | 31.6 | 23.2 | 32.2 | 33.4 | 11.3 |
 Wave 2008 | 33.7 | 23.9 | 29.1 | 31.9 | 15.1 |
 Wave 2011 | 20.0 | 22.1 | 31.9 | 34.4 | 11.6 |
 Wave 2014 | 14.7 | 21.7 | 33.0 | 33.0 | 12.3 |
Cohorts born in 1906–1913 (2921) c | |||||
 Died at ages 91–94 | 10.2 | 29.4 | 33.1 | 21.7 | 15.7 |
 Died at ages 95–99 | 58.8 | 23.5 | 28.0 | 27.1 | 21.4 |
 Died at ages 100+ | 31.0 | 25.3 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 16.1 |