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Table 3 Associations between client frailty status - caregiver distress categorical variable and risk of health outcomes during 1 year follow-up, overall and by client sex

From: Variation in the health outcomes associated with frailty among home care clients: relevance of caregiver distress and client sex

 

Outcomes at 1 year, risk ratio (95% CI)

Death

NH Placement

Any Hospitalization

Prolonged Hospitalizationa

Client Frailty (FI) and Caregiver Distress, Overallb

 CG not distressed & Robust

1

1

1

1

 CG not distressed & Pre-Frail

1.47 (1.43, 1.50)

2.20 (2.14, 2.27)

1.18 (1.16, 1.19)

1.43 (1.40, 1.47)

 CG not distressed & Frail

2.36 (2.30, 2.42)

4.00 (3.88, 4.11)

1.20 (1.18, 1.21)

1.42 (1.38, 1.47)

 CG distressed & Robust

0.99 (0.95, 1.04)

2.10 (2.01, 2.20)

0.99 (0.96, 1.01)

1.13 (1.08, 1.19)

 CG distressed & Pre-Frail

1.41 (1.37, 1.46)

3.26 (3.16, 3.37)

1.16 (1.14, 1.18)

1.48 (1.43, 1.53)

 CG distressed & Frail

2.26 (2.20, 2.32)

4.79 (4.65, 4.93)

1.24 (1.22, 1.26)

1.68 (1.62, 1.73)

  Ratio [Fr v Robust] CG not distressed

2.36

4.00

1.20

1.42

  Ratio (Fr v Robust] CG distressed

2.28

2.28

1.25

1.49

Client Frailty (FI) and Caregiver Distress, Womenb

 CG not distressed & Robust

1

1

1

1

 CG not distressed & Pre-Frail

1.52 (1.47, 1.58)

2.22 (2.15, 2.30)

1.20 (1.18, 1.22)

1.43 (1.39, 1.48)

 CG not distressed & Frail

2.64 (2.55, 2.73)

4.15 (4.01, 4.29)

1.23 (1.20, 1.25)

1.43 (1.37, 1.49)

 CG distressed & Robust

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

2.16 (2.04, 2.30)

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

1.13 (1.06, 1.21)

 CG distressed & Pre-Frail

1.50 (1.42, 1.57)

3.42 (3.29, 3.57)

1.20 (1.17, 1.23)

1.51 (1.44, 1.58)

 CG distressed & Frail

2.59 (2.49, 2.69)

5.05 (4.88, 5.24)

1.30 (1.27, 1.33)

1.71 (1.64, 1.79)

  Ratio [Fr v Robust] CG not distressed

2.64

4.15

1.23

1.43

  Ratio (Fr v Robust] CG distressed

2.51

2.34

1.33

1.51

Client Frailty (FI) and Caregiver Distress, Menb

 CG not distressed & Robust

1

1

1

1

 CG not distressed & Pre-Frail

1.41 (1.36, 1.46)

2.18 (2.08, 2.29)

1.15 (1.13, 1.17)

1.43 (1.37, 1.49)

 CG not distressed & Frail

2.09 (2.01, 2.17)

3.69 (3.51, 3.88)

1.15 (1.13, 1.18)

1.41 (1.34, 1.49)

 CG distressed & Robust

0.95 (0.89, 1.01)

1.98 (1.85, 2.12)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

1.13 (1.06, 1.21)

 CG distressed & Pre-Frail

1.33 (1.27, 1.39)

3.00 (2.85, 3.16)

1.12 (1.09, 1.14)

1.44 (1.37, 1.52)

 CG distressed & Frail

2.01 (1.94, 2.09)

4.34 (4.14, 4.56)

1.18 (1.15, 1.21)

1.64 (1.56, 1.72)

  Ratio [Fr v Robust] CG not distressed

2.09

3.69

1.15

1.41

  Ratio (Fr v Robust] CG distressed

2.12

2.19

1.20

1.45

  1. Abbreviations: FI = frailty index, NH = nursing home, CG = caregiver;
  2. aExcludes clients hospitalized without a prolonged bed stay (overall sample, n = 66,764)
  3. bModels adjusted for age, sex (overall models only) and ADG comorbidity; all estimates p < 0.001 except:
  4. - caregiver distressed - robust for death: overall (p = 0.8345); women (p = 0.4499); men (p = 0.0871)
  5. - caregiver distressed - robust for any hospitalization: overall (p = 0.3063); women (p = 0.4029); men (p = 0.1932)
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BMC Geriatrics

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