Variables | Categories | Group A | Group B | Group C | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Pre | Post | p-value | Pre | Post | p-value | Pre | Post | p-value |
Gait Speed |  | 0.66 ± 0.11 | 0.99 ± 0.41 | 0.001 | 0.67 ± 0.11 | 0.66 ± 0.10 | 0.926 | 0.67 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.45 | 0.002 |
Grip Strength |  | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 8.27 ± 3.9 | 0.488 | 9.09 ± 2.2 | 9.22 ± 2.5 | 0.852 | 8.45 ± 2.3 | 9.86 ± 2.8 | 0.013 |
BADL |  | 3.95 ± 1.46 | 5.27 ± 1.20 | <0.001 | 3.36 ± 0.90 | 4.81 ± 0.90 | <0.001 | 3.77 ± 1.15 | 6.40 ± 0.95 | <0.001 |
IADL |  | 1.40 ± 0.50 | 2.59 ± 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.36 ± 0.58 | 2.22 ± 0.81 | <0.001 | 1.59 ± 1.00 | 3.31 ± 1.21 | <0.001 |
Serum Albumin |  | 4.24 ± 0.48 | 3.93 ± 0.48 | < 0.001 | 3.97 ± 0.47 | 4.26 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 4.07 ± 0.5 | 4.40 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
MNA | Malnourished | 9 | 12 | 0.050 | 9 | 1 | 0.005 | 12 | 0 | 0.003 |
At the risk | 9 | 9 | Â | 12 | 20 | Â | 8 | 17 | Â | |
Normal | 4 | 1 | Â | 1 | 1 | Â | 2 | 5 | Â | |
MPPT | Severe | 11 | 6 | Â | 11 | 8 | Â | 13 | 2 | Â |
Moderate | 6 | 11 | 0.226 | 9 | 12 | 0.072 | 7 | 4 | 0.020 | |
Mild | 3 | 4 | Â | 0 | 2 | Â | 0 | 12 | Â | |
Non-frail | 2 | 1 | Â | 2 | 0 | Â | 2 | 4 | Â | |
BBS | Low-risk | 5 | 3 | Â | 5 | 4 | Â | 5 | 3 | Â |
Medium-risk | 15 | 10 | 0.046 | 16 | 14 | 0.270 | 15 | 10 | 0.024 | |
High-risk | 2 | 9 | Â | 1 | 4 | Â | 2 | 9 | Â | |
Frailty | Non-frail | 0 | 2 | Â | 0 | 4 | Â | 0 | 6 | Â |
Pre-frail | 22 | 19 | 0.035 | 22 | 16 | 0.01 | 22 | 16 | 0.001 | |
Frail | 0 | 1 | Â | 0 | 2 | Â | 0 | 0 | Â | |
GDS | <5 | 10 | 9 | 0.739 | 11 | 16 | 0.025 | 6 | 14 | 0.021 |
≥5 | 12 | 13 |  | 11 | 6 |  | 16 | 8 |  | |
HMSE | <24 | 12 | 13 | 0.564 | 13 | 12 | 0.564 | 13 | 10 | 0.083 |
≥24 | 10 | 9 |  | 9 | 10 |  | 9 | 12 |  |